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Inspired by the thread on a psychology-based ideology, I wonder what it would look like if a comprehensive and utopian political movement grew out of the medical profession.

I can imagine this happening for several reasons: Medical students have a shared culture and values; they are literate and forward-thinking, and have often formed the vanguard of OTL political movements; medicine, if it is broadly (and perhaps loosely) construed, can provide a framework within which all human interactions and phenomena can be contained; medical expertise equates to physical power, since doctors literally have the power over life and death; highly-trained medicos are often magisterial and authoritarian, overruling ignorant or ornery patients "for their own good".

If the "medical approach" were applied to politics with sufficient vigor and ruthlessness, it could produce a totalitarian movement to rival the economic-based communism. It's just a question of adopting a different set of metaphors. Citizens would be viewed as patients. Problems would be analysed in terms of hygiene, disease, and injury. Solutions to social and political problems would proceed by analogy with medical intervention: prophylaxis, quarantine, amputation...

When, where, and how might such a system arise? I'm supposing a POD before 1900, just to make it open-ended.
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