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After World War One Italy was a mess, quite chaotic. There was a noteworthy communist/anarchist movement that was ultimately syppressed by Mussolinis blqckshirts. Mussolini himself had been a socialist in his youth; even without him, would it be possible to have Italy go communist in the 1920s?

As for the effects, the Italian fascists were more significant than is often realized- the very name, after all, comes from them- having a substantial ideological impact on the rise of fascism in both Spain and Germany. In this case could we see the opposite- an Italian intervention in the Spanish Civil war (which, in fact, would not be as much of a civil war in this case, as without Fascist backing Franco would have been stuck in Morocco), or further Communist uprisings in central and eastern Europe?
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