Very interesting, thank you! The reason this question came up is because I understand why African Americans would reject Christianity for it's partial role in justifying slavery, but then Jews also had a minor role in the Transatlantic slave trade, and Muslim Arabs in North Africa still have black slaves, so it seems like jumping out of the frying pan into the fire. The reason I settled on Vodun is because it has at least some lineage to Africa, and therefore is more suitable as a black nationalist religion. It would also be a good way to instil fear among the more superstitious. I think this would be a very interesting tl to write but it would be difficult to do without it seeming as though I was portraying them as the 'bad guys', when in fact just the opposite I have huge respect for the civil rights struggle and folk religions alike.
Even while Muslims participated in the Transatlantic slave trade, there is solid historical documentation that many African slaves in the Americas were Muslim. It wasn't something imposed in the course of slavery or colonialism, unlike Chrisitanity in Africa (outside of Ethiopia, and debatably, in much of the recent growth of Chrisitanity) and the African diaspora. Black Israelism is much trickier to justify historically, relying on some fringe theories on the ten lost tribes described in the Bible, but it goes back to the notion that Judaism is the original religion of African people. And while you point to the minor role of Jews in the Transatlantic slave trade it's worth noting that Black Israelites, in their various forms, tend not to be too invested in the consensus understanding of history, and that many of them see "white" Jews as being the truly illegitimate claimants to the legacy of Abraham.
This impulse toward seeking pre-slavery religion has had an impact on black American Christianity as well.
The Brotherhood of St. Moses the Black, for example, is an Orthodox Christian group, drawing on the Christian legacy of pre-Islamic Africa, especially early Egyptian ascetics.
I don't know how to expand on your challenge beyond what's already been said here, but I thought I'd clarify a bit about how things have gone IOTL.