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With no PoDs prior to the Peace of Nicias (421 BCE), how can Athens and the Delian League do as well as possible? And as a secondary challenge, how can Athenian style democracy be as widespread as possible among the polities of the Mediterranean world (in the latter fifth and fourth centuries BCE)? And given these changes, what does this "more democratic" world look like (over the next two centuries, let's say) compared to OTL?
One idea that's been discussed before (by @SlyDessertFox) is a Spartan defeat at Mantinea (in 418 BCE); there's also the ever discussed Sicilian Expedition (415-12); and there's also the Coup of 411 (of which I expect Athens would have fared better had it not happened). Any other ideas?