With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan all declared their independence. While these countries have Muslim majority populations, the post-USSR governments have been secular and its leaders have ruled as authoritarian dictators while maintaining ties to Russia. Most of them have held prominent positions of power in the Communist party and military during Soviet rule (Heydar Aliyev was the highest-ranking Azeri official in the KGB and leader of the Azerbaijan SSR Communist party prior to getting elected President of Azerbaijan).
Is there any way that any of these stans could have adopted Islamic law (Sharia) and categorized its non-Muslim populations (Jews and Orthodox Christians) as dhimmis? If so, what would be a POD?