Your challenge is to screw Islam as much as possible, without ASBs. Potentially things that can count as contributing the screw:
- OTL Muslim-ruled territory ruled by non-Muslims (either other religions or anti-Islam secularists)
- Losses of major religious centers to non-Muslim states
- As small a global Muslim population as possible
- Nominal Muslims do not really have the required beliefs of Islam (a la modern English Christians)
You can have as many PODs as you want, but they all have to be after 1800. Some ideas:
- Mass conversion to nationalist versions of other religions (like the Korean Christians)
- Anti-Colonial uprisings lead to government-encouraged syncretism, leading to new religious identities (e.g. Kebatinan/Kejiwan in the East Indies)
- Averted European revolutions lead to surviving Ancien Regimes with more pro-Christianity colonial policy
- Earlier collapse of the Caliphate, leading to less Muslim unity and in-fighting, causing more religious turmoil and possible new religions
- Less population growth in the Islamic world
- Greater and more lasting movements toward secularism
- OTL Muslim-ruled territory ruled by non-Muslims (either other religions or anti-Islam secularists)
- Losses of major religious centers to non-Muslim states
- As small a global Muslim population as possible
- Nominal Muslims do not really have the required beliefs of Islam (a la modern English Christians)
You can have as many PODs as you want, but they all have to be after 1800. Some ideas:
- Mass conversion to nationalist versions of other religions (like the Korean Christians)
- Anti-Colonial uprisings lead to government-encouraged syncretism, leading to new religious identities (e.g. Kebatinan/Kejiwan in the East Indies)
- Averted European revolutions lead to surviving Ancien Regimes with more pro-Christianity colonial policy
- Earlier collapse of the Caliphate, leading to less Muslim unity and in-fighting, causing more religious turmoil and possible new religions
- Less population growth in the Islamic world
- Greater and more lasting movements toward secularism