Let's take a closer look at an earlier foundation for a Swedish colony on Tierra del Fuego. And it would have to be founded on Tierra del Fuego and in what is OTL the Beagle Channel, since if it was founded in "Magellanfiorden" the first armed Spanish ship that came upon it would kill everyone and burn it to the ground in 1637-38. Yes, this is New Christiana. The Mayflower was not blown off course. Plymouth Plantations is on Manhattan Island. And New Amsterdam is on the west side of the Deleware River, where Wilmington DE is ITTL. While Boston is on Narragansett Bay, Concord New Hampshire is on Massachesetts Bay and Roger William's colony is at what is OTL, Riverhead NY on Long Island.
That being the case, the Swedish America company is faced with a number of difficult choices. Newfoundland may well be too cold and either the French or English are likely to drive them off because both their fishermen need to dry their catch from the Grand Banks on the Newfoundland beaches. Labrador IS too cold. So is Hudson's Bay, and Hudson's Bay is little known.
The coast south of Virginia is claimed by England and Spain and not known for fur, which is needed for a quick profit. Beyond that is Spanish, Florida, the Caribbean, the Guianas, Dutch Brazil (which is at least good for a port call), the Spanish La Plata and then Patagonia and the Straits of Magellan, the last place on the American Atlantic coast left unsettled.
Reading the accounts of Magellan's voyage of a hundred years previous, one can see that there are large numbers of seals on the beaches that can be killed for their skins, and that will provide a profit. And while the land is too cold for Spaniards to live on, the accounts of how Magellan wintered over show that the winter is not so long that Swedes, Norwegians or Finns cannot grow crops in this land. There are trees in the western mountains of Magellanfjord. And there is an animal called the guanuco that the Indians catch once a year and pull or shave wool off of to make felt clothing off of. Magellan and his crew saw the Indians doing it when they wintered over at the Gulf of St. Julian. They build corrals and herd them into those corrals. After they got the fleece off them, they let them go until next year.
Guanaco fibre[edit]
Guanaco fibre is particularly prized for its soft, warm feel and is found in luxury fabric. The guanaco's soft wool is valued second only to that of the vicuña. The pelts, particularly from the calves, are sometimes used as a substitute for
red fox pelts, because the texture is difficult to differentiate. Like their domestic descendant, the llama, the guanaco is double coated with a coarse
guard hair and soft undercoat, which is about 16-18
µ in
diameter and comparable to the best
cashmere.
[13]
Animal Fiber diameter
(
micrometres)
Vicuña 6–10
Alpaca (Suri) 10–15
Muskox (Qivlut) 11–13
Merino 12–20
Angora Rabbit 13
Cashmere 15–19
Yak Down 15–19
Camel Down 16–25
Guanaco 16–18 Llama (Tapada) 20–30
Chinchilla 21
Mohair 25–45
Alpaca (Huacaya) 27.7 Llama (Ccara) 30–40
When colonists start to weave the guanuco fiber in their looms, they will soon realize that they have a much superior wool to sheep wool. And that wool turns a good profit when the Swedish company takes it home to Sweden.
Because Magellanfjord is the passage the Spanish use to move ships from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans, the Spanish will be desperate to destroy a Swedish settlement in Patagonia unless it is too well established to destroy by the time they find it. Therefore New Christiana must be established on Tierra del Fuego (or NieuAland)--on the Beagle Channel, probably near Ushuaia. Once the settlement has several thousand people and is protected by a regiment of Finn soldiers and fortifications with cannon, a satellite settlement can be established on Magellanfjorden that can block off the fjord if necessary. Expeditions can be sent out to a) funnel trap and shear guanuco and b) kill and skin seals and c) kill and harvest whales
After an unsuccesful attempt to dislodge New Sweden, the Spanish quickly discover that it is possible to round Cape Horn, at least some times during the year and they start doing so. The Spanish build a settlement on the Rio Negro but the Swedes build a settlement on the Chubut and settle the West Coast up to what is Puerto Montt OTL. by 1680. Unlike the Chileans OTL, the Swedes bring in Norwegians who know exactly how to build small settlements in fjords between high mountain walls that utilize a combination of a little agricultural land, fishing and dairy and guanuco grazing land.
Settlement does not stay limited to Patagonia for very long either, nor was it ever planned to. From Tierra del Fuego to
Having read "The Fatal Shore", you know that the south coast of Australia was a prime breeding ground for seals. And the southwest coast of Australia is 6500 miles from Tierra del Fuego with prevailing winds that may well make possible speeds of 200 miles per day. This is well within the limits of a sailor's health once Australia has been discovered and still easier once new colonies have been established in Australia. And from New Zealand back to Tierra del Fuego is only 4500 miles, also via the prevailing sesterlies.
Contrast that with going the other direction. 3500 miles up the Chilean coast to the Tropic of Capricorn to pick up the Southeasterly Trade winds. 2500 miles to Easter Island if one finds it. Another 1500 miles to the Toumontou Islans if one dosen't --or a little longer to the Marquesas, which aren't that friendly further north. Then possible stops at Tahiti, Samoa, not very friendly stops at Fifi, New Hebrides (but sandalwood to be had) , the east coast of Australia, avoid the Great Barrier Reef, around New Guinea, Micronesia, avoid the Philippines and arrive at the China coast to trade sealskins, guanaco woolens and maybe sandalwood for silk and tea. And then back again.
And yes, there is gold and silver in Patagonia as well as Australia, although whether or not Patagonia's gold can be found without modern prospecting techniques is not certain:
Deseado Massif reveals more high grade discoveries (June 06, 2011)
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By: Ian Bickis
Vancouver 2011-06-06 Argentina's Deseado Massif has seen ongoing precious metals exploration for close to 20 years, but junior explorers continue to demonstrate the area's significant hidden potential.
The geological structure, in the southerly Santa Cruz province, is estimated to span anywhere from 60,000 to 100,000 sq. km and is dominated by felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks with a number of low-sulphidation epithermal gold-silver deposits. The area remained largely unexplored until 20 years ago thanks in part to younger basalts that mask the underlying geology and the large swaths of land covered by marine sediments and gravels.
The area first caught the mining world's attention when exploration began in earnest in the early 1990s at what turned into the Cerro Vanguardia gold-silver mine. Operational since 1998, the mine is now 92.5% owned by
AngloGold Ashanti (AU-N) and produced 45,000 oz. gold in the last quarter.
Since then other majors have developed mines in the area, with
Coeur d'Alene Mines (CDM-T, CDE-N) opening its Martha silver mine in 2005,
Pan American Silver (PAA-T) firing up its Manantial Espejo gold-silver mine in 2008,
Hochschild Mining (HOC-L) and
Minera Andes (MAI-T) jointly opening the San Jose gold-silver mine the same year, and
Goldcorp (G-T, GG-N) spending $3.6 billion last year to acquire Andean Resources and its advanced Cerro Negro gold project.
And while the big mining companies scoop up advanced projects, a number of juniors have quickly advanced their own projects in the region with promising news delivered in recent weeks.
Extorre Gold Mines (XG-T, XG-X) is currently the market darling with its high-grade Cerro Moro project. Already showing clear progress since being spun out of
Exeter Resource (XRC-T, XRA-X) in early 2010, the company has taken off since discovering a new high-grade target in April that it called Zoe.
The Zoe discovery was a near-blind discovery with the outcrop assaying only 0.34 gram gold and 115 grams silver. Results so far have included 4.8 metres grading 64.6 grams gold per tonne and 7,530 grams silver per tonne from 89 metres depth, 8.6 metres carrying 39.9 grams gold and 4,056 grams silver from 136 metres downhole, and 3.5 metres averaging 60.7 grams gold and 1,875 grams silver from 236 metres depth.
Extorre's share price has risen from $5.50 at the beginning of April to $10.89 on May 24 since releasing the results and getting approval for its environmental impact assessment on the project. The company has 88 million shares outstanding.
Mirasol Resources (MRZ-T) is also making steady progress in the area: Coeur d'Alene recently announced it would move ahead to the feasibility stage to earn 61% in Mirasol's Joaquin project, Pan American Silver recently signed a letter of intent to earn into its Espej project, and the company continues to advance its wholly owned Santa Rita project.
In 2009 Mirasol discovered a cluster of high-grade silver veins at Santa Rita that it named the Virginia Vein zone. Mid-May drill results from the Julia Central and Naty veins at Virginia returned true widths of 29.1 metres grading 251 grams silver from 33.6 metres depth, 26.6 metres averaging 230 grams silver from 47 metres depth, and 2.3 metres grading 1,309 grams silver from 36 metres downhole.
Mid-April results, from the same two veins plus Julia North, returned true widths including 36.5 metres grading 312 grams silver, 2.7 metres grading 1,649 grams silver, 40.8 metres averaging 172 grams silver and 44.6 metres averaging 142 grams silver.
At Joaquin, Coeur d'Alene recently announced it would take the project through the feasibility stage to increase its ownership to 61%. Mirasol recently released an initial resource estimate for Joaquin that, combining sulphides and oxides, established 7.2 million indicated tonnes grading 85 grams silver for 19.7 million contained oz. silver. A combined sulphide-oxide inferred resource adds 13.8 million tonnes grading 108.1 grams silver for a further 48 million contained oz. silver.
Mirasol's share price recently closed at $6.05 with 38.3 million shares outstanding, while it has a 52-week share price range between $1.51 and $7.94.
Argentex Mining (ATX-V) has been busy at its Pinguino project, releasing high-grade silver hits from the Marta Este, Marta Sur and Marta Centro veins.
Results released in May include hole 369-11 that hit 5.8 metres grading 675.7 grams silver and 5.99 grams gold from 83 metres depth, hole 90-11 that cut 8 metres grading 470 grams silver and 1.64 grams gold from 8 metres downhole, and hole 96-11 that returned 7 metres averaging 121.9 grams silver and 2.77 grams gold from 17 metres depth.
To further advance Pinguino and its other properties, the company recently announced it was aiming to raise $20 million through a brokered private placement. Argentex is planning to sell up to 17.4 million units at $1.15 that contain a share and a half-warrant, with full warrants exercisable at $1.70 for 24 months.
The company hit a 52-week high of $1.69 in early May after climbing from a 52-week low of 45¢ last August and recently closing at $1.19.
Hunt Mining (HMX-V) also recently topped up its coffers with a $10-million bought-deal financing. The company is to issue 22.3 million units at 45¢ each, which will include a share and a half-warrant with full warrants exercisable at 65¢ for 24 months. The raise also includes a $1.5-million underwriter option. The company will put the money towards its Deseado Massif properties, with its La Josefina the most advanced.
Recent drilling on the Sinter area of La Josefina returned two wide intervals of gold mineralization. The first interval hit a true width of 19.5 metres grading 18.83 grams gold and included 3 metres of 62.87 grams gold. The second interval, drilled 300 metres north, returned a true width of 34 metres of 2.82 grams gold including 6.25 metres of 7.29 grams gold.
At the Amanda-Cecilia vein structure in the Veta Norte zone, recent results include 1.2 metres carrying 38.31 grams gold, 150.92 grams silver per tonne and 12.66% lead, and 2.4 metres grading 3.56 grams gold and 63.94 grams silver from roughly 35 metres depth, both true width. Finally, at the Veta Ailin structure in the Central zone of the La Josefina project, Hunt hit a true width of 2.4 metres carrying 188.52 grams gold, 171.88 and 14.84% lead from 12 metres downhole.
The company recently amended its earn-in schedule for the La Josefina project and should now earn its 91% ownership in 2012-2013 after completing a feasibility study.
Mariana Resources (MARL-L) and
Patagonia Gold (PGD-L) are also active in the region.