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With a POD after 1790, but before 1990, how would it possible for Portuguese to become the second-most dominant language in the United States, similar to how Spanish is in OTL?

Bonus points for those who can make Portuguese the second-dominant language of the USA in a similar way that Spanish did in OTL.

Oh, just for kicks, how would it be possible for Portuguese or Spanish to become the primary, dominant language of the United States, as English is in OTL?
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