Of course, this might mean Quebec ends up joining the USA without the large amounts of loyalist immigrants from the South
The proper name would still be Canada. Though nowadays Canada is primarily English, that's the name that was used by its 95%+ French speaking population back then.
But without the settlement of the loyalists in Canada, the territory would remain overwhelmingly French much longer, but it would still be a British territory. The conquered population there would still remain wary of the 13 colonies, their traditional enemy, and early Franco-Canadian nationalism (exemplified in OTL by the Patriots rebellion) would have a better shot at achieving independence, but there's no way they'd use it to join the USA. Assuming the scenario led to a Franco-Canadawank, the best result you could see would be an independent Francophone Canada on today's Quebec and Ontario and competing (unsuccessfully) with the US for it's traditional claims to the Ohio valley (Which was part of Canada before 1763 and after 1774). In all cases, unless the POD is prior to Acadian deportations, modern Nova-Scotia, PEI and New Brunswick would remain British.
Such an independent Canada would face the same problem as colonial New-France; a pretty damn large territory held together by a comparatively insufficient population. This, when faced with the territorial ambitions of the smaller but still powerful USA to the south, would mean that the US would have an easier time militarily to bully it's northern neighbor, and given the clearer language divide, might be a little more inclined to do so. So I'd assume the USA would not only claim the Ohio valley but eventually successfully challenge French Canada over control of much of the prairies and all of BC.
Alternatively, in the much more likely scenario that Britain holds underpopulated Canada just fine despite it's inability to dilute it's Frenchness early, while it still controls the South, you get pretty much the opposite. The smaller USA that stretches only from New England to Maryland ends up unable to challenge the Act of Quebec and never gains Ohio. Louisiana remains a French colony much longer, and Britain seeks to acquire it instead of the US. The westwards expansion is no longer possible and the US might never rise to world power status. British Canada becomes a large country, and eventually through other sources of immigration, becomes a bilingual country (though perhaps English never gains overall preeminence). In the post-colonial era, you might end up with a beefy Canada which stretches all the way to Mexico (which still holds its historical northern borders), a smallish independent south, and a small but rich USA largely contained to the seaboard, well known as a trading hub.