Dammit all the cool threads I like are kinda old. Fuck it I don't give a damn. Here are two proposals I have for an alternate constitution, one realistic to the time period one more so a fantasy constitution of sorts:
REALISTIC
Legislative
Congress is divided into two bodies: the Senate(upper house) and the Assembly(lower house).
The Senate provides equal representation for all states with each receiving 2 delegates(Senior Junior) who may serve an unlimited number of non-consecutive terms of 6 years and shall be appointed by the legislative branch of their respective state, one from said states upper body(Senior) and one from it's lower body(Junior) unless said state has a unicameral legislative in which case said body will appoint both. Rather than being divided into thirds they are instead divided in half with one half being subject to election every 3 years. The Senate shall have the sole power to originate legislation dealing with issues of a foreign nature(treaties, war, immigrants, etc) with the Assembly only having the power to veto said legislation when it comes before them but not amend it. Finally they elect the President who shall serve at their pleasure and who themselves alongside their cabinet may derive from this body and who within the purview of his office shall serve as the speaker/head of the Senate.
The Assembly in contrast provides representation in proportion to population with all representatives elected as a group, with the individual states functioning as individual at-large districts, to an unlimited number of non consecutive 2 year terms via election by the population of said state. Each state shall receive 1 representative for every 100,000 persons until the number of representatives reaches 1,000 total members at which point the house shall be capped in terms of expansion. States which at the beginning of the signing of this document which have less than 100,000 persons within their bounds shall be granted a single representative. In order for new states to gain admission they must have at the minimum 100,000 persons or once the cap has been reached have a population equal to the smallest current state. The Assembly shall have the sole power to originate legislation dealing with issues of a domestic nature(criminal statues, internal commerce, etc) and shall formulate the budget of the nation(with he exception of tariffs which shall be set by the Senate), in either case the Senate has the power to veto said legislation but may not amend it. Finally they elect the Consul who shall serve at their pleasure and who themselves alongside their cabinet may derive from this body and who within the purview of his office shall serve as the speaker/head of the Assembly.
The requirements to become a member shall be left to the individual states to decide.
Basic Legislation in either body requires a simple of the voting members to pass while constitutional changes require 3/4 of both bodies alongside a national referendum to pass.
If a budget is unable to be agreed upon within 1 year of elections having taken place snap elections shall occur with all current elected members being considered to have legally "finished" their aforementioned term and therefore being barred from running again in the new election.
Executive
Shall be divided into two bodies: the President and the Consul alongside their respective cabinets.
The President has powers over foreign affairs and will function as the overriding commander in chief handling things related toward entering into diplomatic relations with foreign bodies alongside helping draft treaties related toward such things. From a legal standpoint they are the head of the Senate and are technically therefore a member of it and as such may vote accordingly as such and are subject to the same rules of elections that being the Senates unlimited 6 year non consecutive term. Though while in office they serve at the pleasure of the Senate and are subject to both scheduled(which occur every 6 months) and unscheduled votes of confidence. If they do lose the confidence vote and if they Senate is able to find an alternative they will be replaced in their position as President by a successor who shall serve the reminder of whatever term he had barring a potential confidence vote.
The Consul in contrast has the power over domestic affairs more specifically in relation to enforcing the agenda of the body which has elected him. That being of course the Assembly. From a legal standpoint they are the head of the Assembly and are technically therefore a member of it and as such may vote accordingly as such and are subject to the same rules of elections that being the Assembly's unlimited 2 year non consecutive term. Though while in office they serve at the pleasure of the Assembly and are subject to both scheduled(which occur every 6 months) and unscheduled votes of confidence. If they do lose the confidence vote and if the Assembly is able to find an alternative they will be replaced in their position as Consul by a successor who shall serve the reminder of whatever term he had barring a potential confidence vote.
Judicial
Largely similar though instead of one body their shall be three: a criminal and a civil supreme court and a constitutional court. The former two shall serve as the high courts of their respective sides of the law and will in a sort of hierarchy shall be the final court of appeal for cases derived at the states level who themselves shall be the appeal to cases derived at the local level who themselves shall be the appeal to cases derived at the municipal level who shall serve as courts of first instance for all law.
The later body, the constitutional court shall have the power of review towards legislation passed at the federal level and all legislation below that and may in it's capacity enact what shall be referred to as the judicial veto on any and all statues which they deem violate the constitutional order. The strength of this veto shall be dependent on the number of Justices who pass their condemnation. If less than a majority condemn the legislation then it shall be called a Soft Veto and take the form of a suspension on acting upon the law for a certain period of time. The length of said time being 1 month for every justice involved which upon the completion of which the legislation may be passed with a simple majority vote. If said veto vote passes with a majority it shall be called a Strong Veto and will take the form of an absolute veto on further action on the bill for a certain period of time, dependent on the number of justices involved(1 month per judge), and whose requirements to overcome upon the completion of said suspension shall be dependent on how much a majority passed the veto. Ex 10 out of 12 justices condemned the legislation as a result the legislation is suspended from being acted upon for 10 months plus upon the completion of the suspension the house that created the legislation(Assembly/Senate) needs 10/12 members to confirm the legislation in order for the veto to be overcome.
Regardless of body Members serve a life time term until they turn the age of 72 and in order to become a member one must have a legal education in law alongside having served atleast 24 years prior in the judiciary in some reasonable capacity. All bodies shall consist of 13 members, 12 of which shall be chosen via sortition from eligible and willing individuals who meet the aforementioned criteria while the 13th member from the High Criminal and High Civil court appointed by the Consul and the President respectively with consent from Senate and Assembly and the 13 member from the constitutional court elected by the population at large from candidates who meet the aforementioned criteria.
States
Largely the same. one difference is that all land and persons are required to be covered by a state(no representation without taxation) and hence all new land will either be automatically turned into states if it has the required population or allotted to current existing states who shall represent them. New states can be formed from existing states with the only requirement being a 2/3 yes vote and a 2/3 quorom from the affected population, aka the population living in the proposed new state, and a majority vote by the Senate and Assembly.
FANTASY(WIP)
The Government shall be divided into 3 broad bodies
The Forum(Executive/Legislative)
The Tribunes(Judiciary)
The People