If Islamic expansion is halted at the Atlas Range, both present day Morocco and Algeria could end up speaking a language not dissimilar from Sardinian:
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Maybe the early medieval Regnum Maurorum et Romanorum does better than in OTL? The history of Spain would become unrecognizable as a result, and Cantabria might, with a little bit of luck, end up speaking a Celtic language with heavy Basque influences.
Well, the only way it's going to survive as a Southern Romance nation, it's as a Christian nation - a Jewish state stuck between a Christian anvil and a Muslim hammer will not last long, even though "Mauretania" could become as tolerant of Jews as Poland was in OTL. Christianity could also spread from "Mauretania" to West Africa through trade, and the existence of black Christian kingdoms connected to Western Europe through the Southern Romance polity could alter our OTL views about ethnicity and race so much to make them unrecognizable. "Mauretania" could also be one of the first states to attempt the trip to America, too - or even just the circumnavigation of Africa, given their interests near the Gulf of Guinea.
However, unassimilated Berbers could end up becoming the local version of the Sami people, discriminated against despite their very close ties to the dominant ethnicity...
I don't think this is what this challenge is about. There are large Arab immigrant communities in OTL as well. Though I don't understand why the Ottoman Empire needs to keep OTL Bulgarian territory (well apart from fulfilling that old wank about the Ottomans winning the 1877-78 war and then replacing the native population with immigrants) since an Ottoman Empire that survives WWI would also include Arab lands.I'm always curious of the migration patterns that would occur in a more intact and stable Ottoman Empire in the 19th and 20th century. Should it industrialize (especially if it keeps parts of OTL Bulgaria), one would presume that it would receive a significant flow of migrants from elsewhere in the Empire, Arabs among them: much like how the United States attracted European immigrants or even had blacks moving from the South to the North to work in factories. For at least a time, you could have Arab communities thrive and prosper in Rumelia. Or at least before eventually assimilating and adopting Turkish.
If Islamic expansion is halted at the Atlas Range, both present day Morocco and Algeria could end up speaking a language not dissimilar from Sardinian: