Besides the old Volcanic repeater, the single shots like the top-break T-C Contender, and the sawed off rifles like the Remington XP-100, there was the Semmerling LM-4. The idea goes back to a type designed right around 1900, typified by the Schwarloze 1908, a "blow forward." That odd design semi-auto concept had a barrel that moved forward, the impetus being the bullet's as it was gripped by the rifling. Then the empty case was ejected and as the barrel returned backwards to battery by the recoil spring, a fresh cartridge was stripped from the magazine.
In the manually operated version developed, the shooter used the support hand pushed the slide/barrel forward. The empty case was held against the standing breech and flicked away when the case mouth was cleared by the rear of the barrel. Then the slide/slide barrel returned backwards to meet the standing breech.
The calibre was .45. It looked much like a typical semi-auto, except being more compact since there was no recoil mechanism. A quick web search says a few hundred were made.
Because the gun is so light and since there's no recoiling slide of a locked breech pistol or recoil spring, the gun was predictably rough to shoot from all accounts.
BTW: I think it's a hoot that The American Derringer Co, that owns the rights to the pistol, misspells the name at their website.