The Republic of West Virginia began its troubled life as a border state in the American Civil War, having broken away from Virginia proper and reentered the union on the condition that it would not be occupied militarily or forced to supply conscripts for the war effort. When these conditions were broken, they joined the ill-fated attempt of Kentucky to secede from the United States and form their own country, certain that the other border states would follow and that similar secessions were eminent in New York and the Midwest. However, when this glorious revolution against being conscripted into the fight of rich Northern industrialists against rich Southern planters failed to materialize, Kentucky caved while West Virginia was sacrificed on the altar of restoring law and order by the newly established US dictator, General George McClellan.
Following the eventual collapse of the Confederate States under a crushing weight of conscripted flesh, "The Young Napoleon" McClellan and the staff officers who had laid the groundwork for his seizure of emergency powers for the duration set about creating a General Staff on the Prussian model; the institution that would run the country after he was gone. The war had so exhausted the country, and the political instability driven away prospective immigrants, that the remainder of the 1870's went by without any significant strain in industrial relations; with the major problem of industry instead being the lack of manpower due to the bloody toll of the war. The general had cemented his hold on the country with his victory over the Secessionists, but had been all too happy to allow a system of barely paid sharecropping to take the place of slavery in the South. Further more restrictions on internal movement by the military, meant to quell unrest, hampered the flow of men to industrial centers. Instead, the leading cartels had to approach the General Staff in groups and put forward their organized plans for moving industry to the sources of labor, with the 1880's seeing American industrial growth moving away from the coasts and major river ports to further inland; including to West Virginia.
The West Virginians had been cruelly beaten, but never broken. The concentrated push of the industrial cartels to exploit their labor for new factories conveniently close to the coal-mines led to the rapid growth of trade unionism there, something which had been simmering throughout the rest of the nation since the end of the rebellion.
When Eugene Victor Debs of the Amalgamated Railroad Union declared a wildcat strike in 1898, shutting down all rail traffic East of Chicago as retribution for the General Staff approving nation-wide cuts in the standards of living and civil liberties of the workers as proposed by the cartels, the fires of rebellion followed the iron-horse to West Virginia, where they found ample kindling. The Appalachian Republican Brotherhood, an illegal underground organization, had been using the West Virginia locals of the ARU as a front; using their instructions throughout the 90's to organize the factory workers and miners as a cover for a second, deeper level of organizing of secessionist intent. The Great Strike provided them with the movement they had been waiting for, a time for revolution.