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What would be required for something similar to the encomienda, the "I can't believe it's not slavery!"-system during the early Spanish colonization of the Americas, to last longer? What would be the effects on the Native American population? Is it possible that tension between Spain and the Spanish colonies over the ethics of de facto slavery could lead to an earlier split between them?

Bonus points if the POD is after 1520, and if the solution is more creative than just killing off Bartolomé de las Casas.
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