What events in history were so pivotal in shaping the modern world from the year 1000 AD or later POD with events that them not occurring would radically change history. To be clear with what I mean by radically, I mean that the map looks nigh alien linguistically, culturally, and ethnically. For example, Europe still having large non-Christian populations by the 18th century is something that is radical. Or was the complete Christianization of Europe just inevitable?