Southern Tuscany could be integrated with a stronger Papacy or if Lucius III accepts a compromise about sharing the Margraviate of Tuscany after Matilda's death.
A stronger Papacy, and/or a weaker kingdom of Sicly and HRE, could allow the popes to take control of the whole duchy of Spoleto in the early XIIIth century.
You may have other possibilities, but these seems to me being the most possible ones in the forseeable list of events after the PoD.
The big problem being not the capacity to takeover these territories, but about the papal capacity to hold on it, but it could be admittedly turns as Romagna did IOTL : technical suzerainty from Rome, independent in facts, and papal campaign at some point to enforce its claims.
I believe the ownership of Sardinia(or Corsica, I forget really) was contested between the Papal States and Pisa at some point, perhaps a Pope could assert that claim.
Yes, I think that's the largest likely version.If you had the right Pope, you could see Italy being unified in the 19th century in a federation under the Pope.
If you had the right Pope, you could see Italy being unified in the 19th century in a federation under the Pope.
Yes, I think that's the largest likely version.
Hence why I said "weakened HRE" and "a" compromise instead of the IOTL situation.I find quite hard to believe that Frederick Barbarossa would accept the loss of such a significant piece of real estate as the southern part of the Margraviate of Tuscany.