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Kangxi Emperor was the longest reigning Emperor of China in recorded history, and the one who could boast most children.
He ruled from 1661 (7 years old at the time) to 1722 and the Kangxi Dictionary is among his accomplishments.
He welcomed the Jesuits to China and was grateful for their knowledge, both scientific and linguistic (and we could butterfly the ban on Chinese rites from 1705 and the Ex illa die Papal Bull of 1715).
His will is one of "Four Greatest Mysteries of the Qing Dynasty" (play with it, pleeease?)
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What I want is Kangxi starting an eugenics program. The end of 17th century is sufficiently late IMHO for people to notice a link between the traits of the parents and the offspring.
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If I knew enough of the time period in question, I'd write this TL myself!