How could Judaism be made a more powerful religion without altering it's doctrine in a major way (unless there is a clear POD)? Especially in the form of a powerful political entity in the Middle East (not necessarily one that survives up to the modern day)? Some thoughts I have had about how to reach this aim:
-take out christianity, the consequence of this is that there is obviously no christianity, but also no Islam, two of the greatest concerns for Judaism.
-friendlier protestantism; I believe that Martin Luther was originally tolerant of Judaism but became the (more widely known) bigot later.
-during break-up of Seleucid Empire a Maccabees-esque political entity appears
There is no limits on what time period they have to come from.