AHC: Judaism a more major religion.

-Well, of course i would say a Khazar lasting khanate.
The Khazars were an early medieval nation. Originally pagans, then Muslims (in order to make the raids from Caliphate stop) their leaders decided to emancipate themselves from both Bagdad and Constantinople "benevolent influence" by promoting the 3rd Abrahamic religion.
Around 1/4 of this turkic people was Jew, and even if the Khazars weren't very proselyts, they tried (as their powerful neighbours) to create a border glacis with converted peopoles.
As they most probably founded Kiev in the IX, make a POD where the Rus become Jews, therefore not attacking their old protectors to enslave them.

-Keep a more jewish liturgy in the western christianity. For that advert the caesaro-papism of Charlemagne (a good thing would be to get rid of St-Boniface and of Pepin and Carloman religious reforms),but keep the high figure of the pope created by this policy. A more liturgically and religous mixed base can be the first step of a more tolerating Western Christianity.
Of course, in case of a greater Khazar KHanate, forget any similar evolution in Eastern Christianity.
 
AHC: Make sure that Judaism is a more major religion (much more followers)

Change the balance in power in Judea, like prevent the Jewish leadership to come back from Babylon. This would led to a very different jewish religion.

Don't let the orthodox jew define what is judaism, and let another sect of judaism define it.

Or you could consider that Crhistianism is just another name for Messianic Judaism.
 
Change the balance in power in Judea, like prevent the Jewish leadership to come back from Babylon. This would led to a very different jewish religion.
Err, the majority of hebrew people still was in Palestina during the Exile. The majors reforms weren't eneacted so you can consider it was Hebrew polytheism/monolatrism, true.
But removing the mix between both the old hebrew/palestinian religion and the new conceptions coming from exile (both inspiration in mesopotamian mythology and philosophical renew of the Old World) would likely merge the Palestinian religion into the other semitic pantheons, and only merge some hebrew helements in mesopotamian religion.

Don't let the orthodox jew define what is judaism, and let another sect of judaism define it.
What is orthodox judaism? At this era, it's largely the judaism that exist in Palestina, that hold Jerusalem. Elephantine Jews are considered heterodoxs because, even if at first they're issued from palestinian judaism, they keeped old usages (as workshipping paedres of Yahve) when Palestinian judaism changed its owns.

Or you could consider that Crhistianism is just another name for Messianic Judaism.
Only if you don't pay attention to the large romano-hellen influence on the Christian church. Christianism is as different from Judeo-Nazareism that it is from Islam.
 
Swedes in their struggle against Denmark read the old testament. Their leadership decides that it is more befitting a warrior culture then the carpenter on a tree.
 
Swedes in their struggle against Denmark read the old testament. Their leadership decides that it is more befitting a warrior culture then the carpenter on a tree.

That would be interesting. Jewish Scandinavians? If Khazars continued to exist, you might have a Western Europe that was Christian, a Orthodox Balkans, and a Jewish Eastern Europe.
 
That would be interesting. Jewish Scandinavians? If Khazars continued to exist, you might have a Western Europe that was Christian, a Orthodox Balkans, and a Jewish Eastern Europe.
That might be a bit too ambitious for the Khazars, as that would involve converting the Poles, ect, who have more to fear from Christendom then the Khazars. But it isn't too far-fetched to see most of Modern day Ukraine and Southern Russia being majority Jewish due to the Khazars. No Holocaust may also add about 7 million Jews onto the modern day total, although obviously, the Holocaust wouldn't happen in a scenario if the Khazars are able to leave a lasting mark on the European steppe.
 
That might be a bit too ambitious for the Khazars, as that would involve converting the Poles, ect, who have more to fear from Christendom then the Khazars. But it isn't too far-fetched to see most of Modern day Ukraine and Southern Russia being majority Jewish due to the Khazars.

I agree, you have a certain possibility to have eastern Slavs as Jews, but it would likely put the western and eastern Christianity in a "rush mode" to convert the more quickly possible the northern peoples.
 
Getting rid of the Crusades would also help, as they set off a rather nasty upsurge of antisemitism in Western Europe that lasted a hell of a long time. Of course, the Crusades would be butterflied by a surviving Khazar Khanate and I could see the whole "the jews are the condemned of the earth" meme being likewise butterflied by a strong Jewish state.
The other interesting question is how Judaism develops with a surviving Khazar state. I don't know enough about the Khazars to speculate on how they might have practiced Judaism but a distinction between Khazar and French/German minhags seems very likely.
 
It'd be interesting if the Khazars and the early Rus had some sort of alliance or close diplomatic relationship that spread Judaism to the Rus. You could have the Mongols stick around in pre-Unification Russia by using the Rus religion as a tactic to drive the Rus to supporting Mongol rule. In this way, assuming the later khanates fall apart as fast as in OTL, the Rus states will be a target for raiding khanates (like OTL), and so, prisoners and mercenaries from Russia could further spread Judaism, at least as disparately as the Jews were in Europe in the middle ages, but in Central Asia and the Caucasus. You'd have Russian Judaism, Khazar Judaism (assuming it survives as long as Jewish Russia), Bactrian Judaism, and many more, in addition to the relatively few different groups of Judaism in OTL.
 
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