The technology, in terms of electronics and liquid fuel
engines, is tough to see absent the sort of push the second world war, or something like, gave...nuclear weapons were another driver, of course, but the physics for those need to develop, and that took most of the interwar period.
So you really need a geostrategic situation where either:
a) very high altitude reconnaissance is a necessity; or
b) nuclear weapons are not only developed, but there is also a reason to develop ballistic missiles as a delivery system for them;
Frankly, I think a) is easier to envisage; a Pacific War in the (late) 1930s (shades of Hector Bywater) requires the US to place its strategic focus elsewhere than Europe in the early 1940s, which (potentially) opens the door for some sort of Anglo-Franco-Russo-German strategic stalemate - including the possibility one of the European powers (possibly the French) is removed from the board in a way that reinforces the stalemate.
Absent an immediate threat from the continental power (Germany, the USSR, or some sort of Russo-German alliance), but in an era for the medium-term threat is obvious, the US would probably allign, presumably, with the UK, but short of active operations.
Given a hot war in the Pacific AND the need for aerial recce over Europe, the need for high altitude recce could lead - albeit with some sidesteps; stratospheric balloons, hight altitiude pressurized aircraft, even rockoons - to something approaching a US manned LEO recce system being developed in the late 1940s or early 1950s, with the continental power doing something similar in response.
Obviously, the potential for nuclear weapons being delivered by ballistic missile would be a pacesetter for the necessary technological development, as well, probably on a parallel track that eventually merged with the LEO system requirements.
That could lead - if the "competition other than war" diplomatic gambit is seen - to a manned fly-by/lunar orbital/lunar landing on the Moon by the US in the late 1950s; my guess is a decade earlier (call it 1959) is the absolute maximun one could expect.
Best,