Well, you can have a situation where Socialism is declined into a nostalgic quest for primitive communalism as a more humane way of life than the horrors of industrial alienation dispensed by the Liberals, while keeping rejecting nationalism (possibly on the basis of narrower localism rather than cosmopolitan internationalism).
Actually it happened at times IOTL, for a given value of Socialism (Catalonian communes for instance; the thought of Pierpaolo Pasolini could be neared to such a view as well, although it was more complex and nuanced).
Without Marx, it is possible that mainstream socialism takes such a path, although still not very likely (after all, the average industrial worker wanted to improve his lot a worker, not to go back his fathers' life as a peasant).