The Pale of Settlement is instead condensed into either what counts as modern day Lithuania or modern day Moldova rather than spread along Russia's European border. This would mean that in the aftermath of WW1, its possible one of these states would be considered a "Jewish" one and pushed for independence by Wilson at Versailles.
Perhaps Russia decides instead to try to depopulate Poland after one of the rebellions with expulsions and transfers to Siberia and the like and instead, moves their Jews in and uses their mercantile skill to develop the region into a tax base for them.
Basically, the best idea I can see as feasible include using the massive amount of Jews in Eastern Europe and finding a way for them to eventually have a state. The Jewish populations of the Ottoman Empire were large, but never large enough to have a state be a possibility or concentrated enough. Same in North Africa. But Russia? It had Jews, and they were both urban and rural in orientation with a developing language and culture to their own. They were spread out across the Eurasian landmass from the Baltic to the Black Sea, and composed about 10-20% of the population of each border province depending on the area, with higher concentrations in Lithuania and Eastern Poland than anywhere else. If you get them into one national area, they could be a majority.