What are the plausible ways that the HSF could've beaten the RN at Jutland?
Very nearly occurred OTL. To quote from
@DD951:
Actually, the British came very close to losing 2 more capital ships to magazine explosions.
Lion took a hit to Q turret, and fire, blast effects, and flash from propellant charges that were set off nearly reached the magazine, and only the quick reaction of the crew in flooding the magazine prevented her from going the way of her fellow battlecruisers.
Malaya took a 12" hit on her starbord secondary battery, and flash and burning debris fell down the ammunition hoist, landing on a stack of propellant charges in the 6" magazine that were about to be sent up to the guns. If not for the quick action of a couple crewman at the hoist, those cordite charges would likely have exploded, with a distinct chance of setting off other charges in that magazine. That would have likely caused a catastrophic chain reaction as the forward 15" magazines were adjacent to that 6" magazine.
A couple more possibilities involving a slightly greater POD- both Princess Royal & Tiger took turret & barbett hits that were rejected by the armor, although shock and severe spalling knocked those turrets out for a time. One of them also took a hit on a gun barrel near a gunport. If any of those shell impacts took place under slightly more favorable conditions (for the Germans), those hits could have penetrated with effects similiar to the turret/barbette hits that destroyed 3 other battlecruisers and nearly sank Lion.
Marlborough is another possibility, after being torpedoed by German surface ships admidships, she withdrew and headed back to base, and while heading there, a German U-Boat got into firing position and launched a torpedo, which was spotted and evaded, due to a bad firing solution. Had that torpedo hit, Marlborough might not have survived.
Warspite could be another possibility, if she wasn't as lucky when her steering gear jammed causing her to circle close to the HSF battleline. Similiarly, the combination of Beatty's inept signalling and Evan-Thomas's GF style of not doing anything without orders could have put the 5th BS into a rather sticky situation.