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During WW2, the US Army had a massive problem where they would overspecialize their units and lead to Infantry manpower problems. Now, US Infantry in WW2 were a mixed bag, and many improved dramatically in the face of combat (see the 30th, 45th, 28th and 99th Infantry Divisions), drastically overperforming what should have been expected of them. Others (106th and 32nd Infantry Divisions) were broken by the shock of combat, much like the German Volksgrenadier formations in 1944 that were frequently disintegrated in their first battles.

Basically, how do you fix this issue? What steps could have been taken to fix the issue of low quality Infantry Units for the US in WW2 being forced to learn on the fly?

The pattern as far as I am aware of regarding US WW2 Infantry is that the pre war units tended to perform well, being well trained and equipped from the beginning (except in the Pacific). The National Guard units activated also tended to do well in general, and many became some of the most feared units for the Germans to go up against (the 30th was nicknamed "Roosevelt's SS); the problem was with the units formed from the bottom of the barrel using transport, supply, antiair, and tank destroyer personnel whose jobs became obsolete or were simply needed more. These units tended to perform quite poorly and while a few distinguished themselves, they were not very reliable.

Patton was noted as very skeptical of the quality of some of these scrap Infantry divisions, noting that he wasted far more artillery supporting them in late 1944-early 1945 than he ever had to during Operation Cobra's preliminary bombardment.
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