AHC: Fewest Countries Possible

That's... really difficult.

You're not going to avoid decolonization. The colonial empires cost money, and as the developed world transitioned from industrial capitalism to post-industrial capitalism, their worth would have all but vanished. Late-19c Europe needed colonies to export manufactured goods to; present-day Europe mostly trades with itself.

In a few places, you can get one state where there are several. Beedok already mentioned the East African Federation, and you already mention India; I'll add Indochina under Vietnamese domination, the Malaysia-Singapore merger, and some of French West Africa. Maybe a Polynesian confederation? But that won't get you below 100.

Mergers of preexisting countries are possible... but really hard. A pan-Latin American communist state could exist, if you contrived your TL toward one. Eurofederalism is really hard - tellingly, a lot of EU countries were tepid about supranationalism even when things were going well, right before the recession started.
 
1. United States of North America (Basically everything north of Colombia, plus all the Pacific Islands and including the Philippines)
2. A neo-Gran Colombia (Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Guiana, French Guyana, Suriname)
3. Peru-Bolivia
4. Brazil
5. Patagonia (everything left)
6. European Union w/ former colonies in Africa plus Australia and New Zealand
7. Russia w/ Central Asia, Belarus, and the Caucasus
8. Unified Indian Subcontinent + Burma
9. China, Mongolia, Taiwan as one
10. Japan and Japanese Korea
11. Indochina and Thailand as one
12. Greater Indonesia (Indonesia, Borneo, Malaya, Singapore, Papua New Guinea, East Timor)
13. A Shia Muslim state
14. A Sunni Muslim state
15.Turkey
16. Israel
 
Some more ideas when it comes to Europe:
  • Russian Empire reforms, federalises and survives, hence it becomes one of the worlds major superpowers. Likewise along with retaining its OTL 1914 Borders it also annexes AH Galica and Transylvania, Romainia, Bulgaria and Non-Albanian FYROM, Iranian Azerbaijan, Wilsonian Armenia, Tajik and Uzbek Afghanistan, Xinjiang (Inner and Outer) Mongolia, Tuva and Manchuria.
  • Yugoslavia survives minius Slovenia and Non-Albanian FYROM but with the lands of "Greater Albania"
  • Germany retains its OTL 1914 Borders but incorporates Austria (Including South Tyrol), Luxembourg, Netherlands, Flanders, and Slovenia as well as Bohemia and Moravia
  • Hungary meanwhile has the boundaries as proposed in the "United States of Greater Austria model plus Slovakia.
  • France meanwhile retains its OTL 1914 boundaries and also incorporates Wallonia.
  • The UK accepts the need for Irish Home Rule (and gives the other Home Nations Home Rule as well) and thus keeps Ireland United and as part of the UK.
  • Eventually Germany, France, Yugoslavia, Russia, Hungary (and perhaps others) establish some sort fo EU + NATO body with the eventual aim fo establishing a "United States of Europe".
 
Greater Indonesia with Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore within one state is possible. But I think it need POD before 1900, because as of 1900, the pieces are already divided between the Dutch and the British. if we got POD before 1900 (i.e, the British did not give back the Dutch East Indies to the Dutch after Napoleon war and instead incorporated it with other British possession in South East Asia)

for other possibilities I could name a few, perhaps..
surviving Soviet Union
unified India sub-continent
Federalized Europe
Moldova rejoined Romania or simply didn't got annexed by the Soviet in the first place
a more successful Arab Nationalist movement
Singapore stay in Malaysia (IOTL, Singapore is the only country in modern history that got their independence by being expelled)
unified Korea
United States annexed Canada :p
 
Have Napoleon53's NUSA accelerate their colonization of the world and you have a singular super state.

Or butterfly away human evolution. No man, no country.
 
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