Suppose a country faces a war that causes a significant loss of it's male population: Paraguay during the War of the Triple Alliance, Serbia in WWI, Rwanda after the genocide or maybe an USSR which looses even more men than in OTL in WWII. Due the power vacuum and the gender disparity, women rise to positions of power - there is simply none else. Such a female dictator might even institute polygamy as a way to boost the population. One generation later, that female dictator leads her nation, and the new after-war generation, in a revenge war.
The problem is that such a nation would be hard pressed to recover within a single generation, but let's try something.
I don't know much about the internal politics of the USSR during the first half of the 20th century, but since every renown leader was a man, I'm guessing we need a POD in which the Bolsheviks become more open to the idea of female leadership. Stalin suffers a stroke when German invades and Beria doesn't go into the gulags without a fight. So, as the Germans invade from the west, the Soviet leaders decapitates itself at the Kremlin in the power struggle. Our Female Dictator might be the one to survive the power struggle, or better yet for her future credentials, she's not included in whatever government emerges. The Germans, in the meantime, perform even better (if that's possible at all) due the collapse in Soviet leadership. There is no Soviet winter offensive in 1941 - maybe the power vacuum manages to last even up to that point.
The war eventually ends by 1944/45 without a clear winner, but with exhausted Germans and Soviets accepting some sort of Brest Litovsk peace in which Germany gets a significant portion of the Western USSR and proceed to kill and enslave the surviving Soviet citizens.
The Manhattan Project gets delayed for whatever reasons (nuclear research went slower in ATL, key scientists were killed before they could emigrate to the USA, the British don't share Tube Alloys, or something else). An exhausted rump USSR now lead (or soon to be lead) by our Female Dictator sells Germany the raw materials Germany needs to wage war against the Western Allies, either out of the peace treaty, because they desperately need the cash or both. They have a huge gender imbalance so the Nazis don't see them as a threat for the foreseeable future. In the West are faced with the brunt of the German armed forces which now have access to plenty of oil and all the strategic materials they need (think reliable jet engines, produced in Poland, captured Soviet territory or maybe even imported from the rump USSR as a way to avoid American strategic bombardment). D-Day fails and with no atomic bomb in sight, a peace of exhaustion is signed by 1946/47, after the American public can barely stomach the casualties of the invasion of Japan and isn't willing to tolerate the butcher's bill of liberating Europe.
The Manhattan Project, now operating at a lower priority, eventually yields nuclear weapons by the late 1940s and the USSR spies still deliver enough information to the Rump USSR so the Soviets manage to produce their own weapons by the 1950s. The Third Reich remains behind, but not out of the atomic race. The USA remains unwilling to start a nuclear war in Europe. An uranium embargo is placed against Germany and all countries enforce it (nobody wants Hitler with nuclear weapons, even if their power isn't really understood IOTL)
In Rump USSR, Female Dictator has risen to power and begun to improve the lives of the surviving Soviet citizens. She's wildly popular and, after the experience of the Politburo killing itself at the start of the Great Patriotic War, not only has she turned misandric, but misandry itself has become sort of validated in Rump USSR. Feminism becomes the matter of fact way of life because, with 70-80% of the workforce being composed of women, it's women who are running nearly everything.
By the late 1950s the Rump Soviet economy has somewhat recovered, maybe even helped by the USA, which sees Rump USSR as the only possible counterbalance to Nazi Germany. A generation of teenagers raised in the aftermath of the Great Patriotic War is becoming of age. For that, Female Dictator has looked to strike a work-life balance that allows every woman to have at least one child, but preferably, two or more. Yes, there are a lot of half-siblings out there. Out of necessity, Rump USSR is a heavily militarized society (think mandatory military training for both genders since they are at least 12 years old) and has a significant nuclear arsenal, maybe only bomber based. By the time Nazi Germany is finally doing its first nuclear tests the Rump USSR is mass producing H-Bombs. The KGB discovers the Nazis are finally managing to miniaturize their fission bombs enough to fit them in their missiles and will test a prototype soon. Female Dictator launches a preemptive nuclear and armored assault on the Third Reich both to recover the lost Soviet lands and to avoid the risk of getting nuked by the Nazis a few years down the line. Rump USSR takes significant losses to bomber carried fission bombs but ends up destroying the Third Reich in a nuclear holocaust.