AHC: Fascist Ottoman Empire (or Post-Ottoman, Pan-Turkic State)

Deleted member 97083

What alternate events could have caused the Ottoman Empire have turned into a fascist state?

Would a longer-lived Enver Pasha be the leader of said state?

How radical could a fascist Ottoman or post-Ottoman state become?
 
My knowledge on Ottoman Turkey is pretty bad but i'll give my best guess; The Turkish War of Independence goes pretty bad for Ataturk, parts of Turkey is partitioned between Greece, France, and Italy leaving a rump Turkey. Ataturk is looked at as weak for leaving Turkey vulnerable to foreign powers so an Ottoman restoration occurs around the late 1920s to early 1930s and begins a policy of revanchism to reclaim ancient Turkish lands, partners with Nazi Germany (though might have problems with an alliance with Fascist Italy) as part of the Anti-Comintern Pact to repel any possible future Western and Soviet aggression.

This new Turkey will romanticize the peak of Ottoman power in the late 16th-mid 17th Century, showing maps of the Ottoman Empire stretching from Morocco to Austria with words like "What we had before, we will have again." The Turkish people would be upheld by the new government, they could support anti-soviet rebellions in Soviet Central Asia with some of the Turkic people promising a Pan-Turkic Commonwealth. More genocides of minorities blamed for weakening the Ottoman Empire such as Armenians and others. When the alt-WW2 begins, Turkey will remain neutral for a while until the Balkan front opens and so Turkey invades Greek Turkey and annexes it and begins a policy of deportation, enslavement, and genocide on the Greek settlers as well as the French settlers from the French occupied parts of Turkey. Turkey would then begin an invasion of French Syria, then to Iraq opening up a Middle-Eastern Theater reinforced with German troops to claim the oil fields and to eventually sandwich the British in North Africa to capture the Suez Canal, how successful they'll be is up to debate.

When an alternate Operation Barbarossa occurs, the Turks can open another front in the Caucasus learning their mistakes from the last time they invaded to capture the Baku Oil fields and also distracting several division of Soviet troops from the German invasion.

That's as far as I can think, I know this is pretty bad considering all the butterflies from such a different Turkey but I thought i'd just throw this out. Feel free to critique the hell out of this.
 
What alternate events could have caused the Ottoman Empire have turned into a fascist state?

Would a longer-lived Enver Pasha be the leader of said state?

How radical could a fascist Ottoman or post-Ottoman state become?

Actually, I think the best option for a Fascist Ottoman State lies not with Enver, but rather Abduhamit II running on a vein closer to Clerco-Facism combined with conservative interests (Islamism, in this case) closer to the Italian or Franco model. After all, Turkish Nationalism diden't have quite the same "punch" in many elements of Ottoman society as the influences of Islam did, and it would be much easier for the Muslim world to be depicted as "Cheated" or "Under Siege", given the encroatching colonialism, international meddling in Ottoman affairs even when they were doing well (For example, the Public Debt Administration, interference in Crete and the Ottoman-Greek War, grasping at patronage of various minority groups), and how tied ethnic nationalism was to "Western Democracy" that many diden't want to see overtake traditional Islamic society. The "Third Way" would have alot of international appeal as a self-strengthening movement, especially if the Ottoman government felt like it was starting to shed its "Sick Man of Europe" phase, only to be shuffled out by the Christian Powers of its rightful spoils and place (A "Stabbed in the Back" myth similar to how Italy felt cheated at Versailles, Germany got clipped by getting ganged up on while she was on a metoric assent, Japan felt cheated out of its 'place in the sun' in Asia by European powers who chastized her for penetrations in China despite having carved up the rest of the continent for themselves, ect.). Say Wahabbism gets solid political knocks (Perhaps getting overly associated with Judaism, or Western castspawing), Abdulhamit's Pan-Islamic rhetoric on the international stage gets better traction among local leaders and he earns some global prestige by flexing his muscles as Commander of the Faithful (Puts down Orthodox-lead Balkan revolts and wins Balkan Wars, if their are any, gets a voice in the Moroccoian Crisis, makes some popular international speechs and relief efforts for abused Muslims in the colonies), takes advantage of interfaith tensions in the Balkans so the split becomes more Muslims vs. Christians than nationalistic and boosting the status of Albanians, resettled Tartars local converts, ect.), maybe even have the Ottomans side with the Entente in WW I or stay neutral only to be cheated out of promised gains. Have the Russian Civil War lead to clashes between the Reds and Ottomans, who try to 'liberate' Muslim territories in the Balkans from the Atheist Communist Muscovites to generate a greater fear of Communism.

Add in a bit of industrialization/development that people would associate with leading to an increase in the quality of life, only to have it drained off by Western bankers, and a backlash against foreign influence and the felt need to develop Autarky would provide the economic backbone, to say nothing of a feeling of self-confidence that's needed for an effective Facist movement to emerge. A nation that's been beaten into the dust isen't likely to have the combination of potential ability, temporary suffering/being put down upon, and a vengful spirit needed to lead to the particular toxic cocktail that is Facism. Prime Revachist targets could include Egypt and Cyprus (On the grounds that they're technically Ottoman anyways), East Rumelia and Bosnia (Which were unilaterally seized), and the Caucuses/Crimea (To liberate the local Muslims from Bolshevik oppression). They could, internationally, probably very easily align with Japan ("The Dar-al-Islam for Muslims!") and Germany, though Italy might be a more bumpy ride.
 
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I got this, It was for my Hitler won WW2 TL:

1908: Young Turk Revolution

1909: Ottoman Countercoup succeeds. Abdul Hamid II uses Pan-Islamism to rally his subjects into a common identity. TYT is jailed, the 1848 Constitution is shredded, and the 2nd Constitutional era ends.



1911-1913: Italo-Turkish war and Balkan War go as they did OTL.



1914: Despite the Ottomans are still pro-German, without Enver Pasha, the Turks never join WW1, instead, like Spain, remaining on the sidelines. The Allies are allowed to move supplies through the Dardanelles in exchange for Russia renouncing most of its claims on Turkish land (minus Constantinople), and Britain giving fully Ottoman control of Kuwait, Bahrain, and Qatar.



This allows Russia to survive a few months longer- however, the Russian Revolution proves inevitable due to the incompetence of the Russian Tzardom on the Eastern Front.



1918: The Ottomans join the coalition against the Red Army. They initially see some success in the Causcaus, but the gradual withdrawal of Entente support causes the Turks to withdraw from the region- much like the Japanese in Outer Manchuria.



1920-1929: The Ottoman Empire continues to stumble along for the next decade. Their economy is somewhat better off without the Turkish War of Independence- but the issues with Nationalism fail to be solved- especially since Pan-Islamism only aggravated the oppressed Armenians, and nationalistic Greeks.



1929: Black Tuesday



1930: Ataturk dies due to Cirrhosis.



Late 1932: Another nationalistic Armenian revolt begins, beginning the First Anatolian War.



1933-1934: The Great Depression was the breaking point for the Ottoman Empire. The success of an Armenian Revolt to defeat the Turks in the Battle of Kars prompts Pontic Greeks and West Anatolian Greeks to rise up in revolt as well- quickly disposing of the distracted Ottoman Sultan, and forcing him to surrender his empire.



This throws the Empire into chaos.



The Arabs and Kurds, dissatisfied with the failure of the Sultan's reforms, and prompted by the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, quickly establish their respective nation-states.



The British-friendly Saudis also take advantage of the situation and seize the Ottoman territories in the Persian Gulf in gained in WW1- along with Hejaz.



The three Pashas, and the other jailed or exiled members of the Young Turk movement, rise back up to fill the power vacuum caused by the disposal of the Sultan. Having already had proto-fascist tendencies (and thanks to the rise of fascism in Germany), they push the new Turkish state into ethno-nationalistic fascism.



Bulgaria, still limited by its Post-WW1 treaties, does not participate in the Anatolian War- causing increased fascist agitation in the nation- though this does not change Boris III's stance.



Italy also ignores Anatolia, preferring instead to continue to gear up for its war against Ethiopia, rather than being caught in a Turkish Military distraction. This, in conjunction with the fascist coup in Turkey, causes Italy to instead give Turkey some equipment and volunteers, to help on the side of its former enemy.



1935-1936: 2nd Italian-Ethiopian War. Goes the same as OTL. Even the inept Italians can win against spearmen. :/



1936: TYT begins the discrimination and eventual genocide of Armenians and Greeks living in Antioch and coastal Anatolia, in a move that isolates the new Turkish state, pushing it towards Germany, and is an inspiration for the latter's tactics against the Jews.



October 1940: Turkey joins the Tripartite Pact almost instantly after its ratification- much like Hungary.

They quickly join the Italian Campaign against the Greeks- resulting in a stalemate until German and Bulgarian intervention.

Turkey quickly becomes another Italy in WW2.

TL:DR- TYT ousted, Empire goes Pan-islamist- fails- Turkey goes Pan-Turkist after empire implodes in WW2, joins Axis.
 
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