As discussed at least once before, if a European power (most likely France) wanted to set up a sugar focused monoculture economic closer to home and more defensible than overseas possessions, they might turn the Dodecanese, Crete, Malta, Cyprus, or the Balearics into that kind of place, import African slaves, buy up the land, expel tenants who were not sugar workers, etc. Eventually the place could have a black-African majority, and eventually it could have independence. Or depending on your definition of Europe, maybe this model could have been applied to the Azores, Canaries or Madeira.
Heck, it would be really and unlikely for them to do it, but the Venetians or Ottomans might have been able to do it.