Any African nation lucky enough to modernize to the level of European nations by the end of the 19th century would be a close ally in at least one European power and would have had mostly friendly relations with them.
But malaria and climate makes an African great power in 1900 nearly impossible unless the POD is 600+ years earlier.
Why?
I don't see why malaria and climate would stop a possible a cultural revolution in a part of Africa by maybe blacks, arabs or berbers that could lead to a rapid industrialization movement.
Japan being an example.
From there a charismatic leader possibly pushes ideology of revenge or conquest against colonial powers which leads to conflict and the afforementioned burning of Madrid and attacks on portugal and the Dutch.
England and others losses its colonies to alliances made to this new African power which then lead to defeats of other colonial powers. Britian fearing reprisals for its colonial history decides it needs a shield against the alliance and decides "it won't fall like spain!"