Have the teams develop organically around neighborhoods in big cities, and have multiple teams in every city. Picture a team in every borough in NYC (maaaaaaaybe Staten Island, certainly one in Long Island) and maybe even multiples in one city.
One example is a low-level minor league in which Minneapolis and St. Paul both have teams that are, predictably, arch-rivals. Picture if those teams became THE teams in the Twin Cities from the start and there was no uniting team like the Twins (notice how all the teams in the Twin Cities are called Minnesota rather than named after a city? Now go the other direction.) Now picture if EVERYONE in Minneapolis lived and died with the local team (the Millers OTL, with St. Paul uncreatively being called the Saints.)
The closest thing we have is probably college rivalries, and most of them don’t have the benefit of geographic proximity. I’m from Columbus, Ohio, home of the Ohio State Buckeyes, and people love and die with them. However, their closest rival is four hours’ drive away, so there’s not a lot of hooliganism and it’s largely discouraged today.
One would also have to make violence and severe pranks controversial rather than universally discouraged if not outright forbidden. A San Francisco Giants fan ended up in the hospital fighting for his life after being brutally attacked by a fan of the rival LA Dodgers - even fellow Dodgers fans condemned the attack unanimously. Less severely, an Alabama football fan poisoned several trees that were important to rival Auburn - even Bama fans were upset. One would have to have either a culture in which a sizable number of fans have a tolerance for acts like this or a set of unwritten rules for when certain otherwise unacceptable acts are allowable (sucker-punching and hospitalizing a rival fan who is not acting aggressively probably still wouldn’t be allowed, but let’s say it was a fight that got out of hand. Also, let’s say Auburn fans had made Bama’s stadium toilets explode the year before or something. That may make the events I described acceptable.)
So you would need more neighborhood teams, multiples in any decent-sized city or extended metro area, possible divisions based on other lines like religion or ethnicity (Celtic-Rangers comes to mind,) and as a bonus, more teams with a Green Bay-style ownership model.