AHC: As many countries as possible divided into a communist half and a capitalist half

There is an argument to be made that Finland was split. Just look at the post-1940 Karelo-Finnish SSR, which could also seen as a successor state to the Finnish Red government of 1918. Especially from a TL where Finland was joined into the *USSR and the Finnish SSR was given much of Eastern Karelia up to the Murmansk railway like was planned, the OTL situation would very much look like there being a West Finland and an East Finland. This would be particularly true if in that TL the Soviet Union falls and Finland gains independence while holding major parts of Karelia.

I find it hard to see a chain of events leading to the Baltic states being divided in the WWII era. They are just too damn small for that, and really Stalin keeping his hands off their Western parts would probably need a strong disincentive (like WAllied boots on the ground there). As it was IOTL, all the 1939-40 (and earlier) demands made on the Baltic states as well as Finland had one single goal behind them: joining these states into the USSR like they had been a part of the Russian Empire. Finland could avoid this fate due to a mixture of an ability to defend itself for a while and lucky historical contingency, the same for the Baltic states is a lot more difficult due to their small size, unfortunate location and the kind of terrain that does not lend itself to be defended against a strong invader.

To return to the above about Finland: there is only so much more Finland could have given up to the USSR and still continued to exist as a relevant, functional state. Returning to the Treaty of Åbo borders of 1743 might be doable, but more than that is pushing it. If the USSR is in a position to demand even bigger concessions and Finland in one where it needs to give much more, we can ask why the Soviets do not just take Finland over entirely and be done with it? Again, we would need a reason why the Red Army stops or Stalin accepts anything but an unconditional surrender (and making Finland a SSR or a satellite People's Republic) if the Finns end the war in a much weaker position than IOTL. Things were touch and go as it was.
With a split Finland, I was thinking more of Kuusinen 1939 and less of Eastern Karelia, since that was outside the Grand Duchy, and Orthodox.

And to make it simple, imagine a WW2 peace treaty where a line is drawn north-south approximately through the middle of each of these countries. It could have been part of a 1943 German-Russian deal that was since broken, but this detail stayed on, or perhaps all the four states give up control of their eastern half in 1944 in exchange for independence in their western half, or they are each split in four occupation zones (like Germany and Austria) in 1945 due to having been axis partners. Anyway, having half of their country sounds better than having none of it post war, although that probably means a permanent loss of the eastern half.
 
Morea would probably remain with the KoG in that scenario, as the Corinthian Isthmus would be easy to defend when enjoying naval supremacy

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EDIT: Britain might even decide to allow Cyprus to join western-aligned Greece under the circumstances.

It does meet the OP stipulations a little more TBF. In the TL I mentioned Turkey becomes Finlandized by smoother Soviet diplomacy (POD is Stalin dies in 1945), Moscow willing to back the Kemalist regime without need for free elections, unlike Washington. In such a scenario handing Royal Greece Cyprus is certainly a possibility. A Turkish invasion ITTL would be a major Cold War flashpoint.
 
This is more Taiwan than East Germany but I helped write a timeline that dealt with this. It included the Greek Civil War being delayed as the Communists take the Popular Front route, worming their way into different areas of government. They attempt an internal coup, seizing large areas but various military units rebel in support of the anti-Communist factions. Jump forward the 'Whites' evacuate, Soviet and Yugoslav support having tipped the balance, under Royal Navy protection keeping control of Crete, Rhodes and various other Aegean islands. You get the Athens-based Socialist Republic of Greece and the Heraklion-based Kingdom of Greece both claiming to be the one legitimate. Be interesting to see if a Red Greece created by domestic forces readily accepts Soviet oversight (the KKE had heavy Soviet involvement) or charts a path similar to Yugoslavia or Albania.
Who knows? If Stalin dies at a convenient time and the Soviet power transition is so chaotic that it can't really intervene in its satellite states, we could have a second civil war between the two communist factions.
 
I could say Hungary, but it would need a pre-1900 PoD where the region between Hungary proper and Szekely Land becamed Magyarized, albeit their religion remained Eastern Orthodox
 
Socialist Transnistria and capitalist Moldova :)

other possibilities:
  • Socialist Moldavia and capitalist Romania.
  • Socialist Outer Mongolia and capitalist Inner Mongolia (would require PRC to fail spectacularly)
  • Socialist Dari Afghanistan and capitalist Pashto Afghanistan
 
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Does a Communist Slovakia and Capitalist Czech Republic count?

If they both claim to be the legit government of Czechoslovakia, probably.

I like this idea and can somehow imagine it happen...

In 1944 there is a disagreement between Beneš and Fierlinger ending with formation of another exil government - in Moscow. Slovak uprising led by communists joins the Moscow government obviously. Beneš doesn't go to Moscow nor to Slovakia and no National Front Government forms in Košice in 1945.

On the other hand when Churchill asks Eisenhower to send american troops to Prague (as he did ask OTL), he has one more reason to add. In the end US and USSR troops meet somewhere on the border between Bohemia and Moravia.

Governments in Prague and Brno (sorry, Bratislava) then both claim to be the legit government of Czechoslovakia (or Great Moravian Socialistic republic for that matter).
 
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North and South Oman if the Dhofar Rebellion goes better.

For a more elaborate one. Have a single Palestinian state instead of an attempted partition. Palestine then has a union with Jordan becoming the pro-British Kingdom of Palestine. Due to the government's pro-Western stance and monarchist nature there's an uprising by Arab Socialists and/or Zionists resulting in a civil war and eventual partition, dividing the country between a left-wing pro-Soviet Republic and a right-wing pro-West Kingdom.
 
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