AHC Alternate or Surviving Languages
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Language: High Assyrian
Official Language: Neo-Assyrian Empire
Region: Assyria, parts of Babylonia
Family: Afro-Asiatic -> Semitic-> East Semitic-> Akkadian-> Assyrian-> High Assyrian
Writing Script: Cuneiform, Aramaic script
Loan Words: Very few, the Assyrian elite try to Assyrianise all loan words as part of their imperial program.
History: Sinsharishkun decisively defeats Nabopolassar before he becomes a major threat. The Neo-Assyrian Empire survives, and continues to wreak havoc throughout the Near East. Over time, the Assyrian dialect of Akkadian develops into a seperate language, and as the inscriptions and official propaganda become even more elaborate, a completely seperate language spoken by the Assyrian nobility arises, somewhat like how Telpochcalli(lordly speech) was incomprehensible to the average Aztec peasant.
Official Language: Neo-Assyrian Empire
Region: Assyria, parts of Babylonia
Family: Afro-Asiatic -> Semitic-> East Semitic-> Akkadian-> Assyrian-> High Assyrian
Writing Script: Cuneiform, Aramaic script
Loan Words: Very few, the Assyrian elite try to Assyrianise all loan words as part of their imperial program.
History: Sinsharishkun decisively defeats Nabopolassar before he becomes a major threat. The Neo-Assyrian Empire survives, and continues to wreak havoc throughout the Near East. Over time, the Assyrian dialect of Akkadian develops into a seperate language, and as the inscriptions and official propaganda become even more elaborate, a completely seperate language spoken by the Assyrian nobility arises, somewhat like how Telpochcalli(lordly speech) was incomprehensible to the average Aztec peasant.
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Language: Bellarese or Bella Makassarese (basa' Bellaksara'); known in Spanish as Belarés; in Mapungundun as Suwargundun (Suwar is more or less the Mapungundun transliteration of Sulawesi);
Region: OTL South Patagonia
Family: Austronesian > Malayo-Polinesian > South Sulawesi > Makassaric > Ateran Makassaric > Andean Makassaric > Bellarese
Writing Script: Lontara with several additions for Mapu and Chon estrates
Loan Words: Bellarese adopted many Mapu and Chon words and semantic, but the core features are Makassarese. In fact, Bellarese is mutually inteligible with Makassarese and by extension with most Sulawesi languages to certain extent.
History: The makassarese fishing fleet expanded over the Pacific ocean (OTL they were fishing in Australia). The need for fishing ports arised and the colonization of the furthest pacific islands were prioritized, due to the ever increasing demand in southern Asia. Near 1540 there were thriving ports established in Atera (OTL NZ). From Atera, most of the maritime expeditions were started. By 1620 they reached Cipurar Island (OTL Easter Island) and near 1650, they reached the Bellar coast (OTL Chilean coast) and by the end of the century, several colonies were in place, trading and living with the locals. Islam introduction allowed to retain and strength the Bellarese language, coexisting with the spanish expeditions and colonizations.
Region: OTL South Patagonia
Family: Austronesian > Malayo-Polinesian > South Sulawesi > Makassaric > Ateran Makassaric > Andean Makassaric > Bellarese
Writing Script: Lontara with several additions for Mapu and Chon estrates
Loan Words: Bellarese adopted many Mapu and Chon words and semantic, but the core features are Makassarese. In fact, Bellarese is mutually inteligible with Makassarese and by extension with most Sulawesi languages to certain extent.
History: The makassarese fishing fleet expanded over the Pacific ocean (OTL they were fishing in Australia). The need for fishing ports arised and the colonization of the furthest pacific islands were prioritized, due to the ever increasing demand in southern Asia. Near 1540 there were thriving ports established in Atera (OTL NZ). From Atera, most of the maritime expeditions were started. By 1620 they reached Cipurar Island (OTL Easter Island) and near 1650, they reached the Bellar coast (OTL Chilean coast) and by the end of the century, several colonies were in place, trading and living with the locals. Islam introduction allowed to retain and strength the Bellarese language, coexisting with the spanish expeditions and colonizations.
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Language: Maulaga Lauga ("High Speech") or simple "High Samoan"
Region: Samoan islands and some other Pacific islands
Family: Austronesian > Malayo-Polinesian > Oceanic > Polynesian > Samoan-Tokelauan > Low/High Samoan
Writing Script: Abugida based on Chinese character radicals, full Chinese script.
Loan Words: Middle Chinese, Hakka, Japanese, and some English.
History: During the late Song Dynasty, a merchant fleet heading for Malacca got lost and found itself in the Spice Islands. Attempting to get back to China, they were blown further off course and were marooned in the Pacific. After being marooned on several islands, befriending the locals, and setting off again, they finally settled in Samoa and built a Chinese school. The language became an important mark of progress in Samoa, as the Chinese crew brought new technology with them, and it was soon a mark of wealth and class. While the Chinese language mixed with Samoan, the mix was bi-directional and soon the distinction was between "Low" and "High" Samoan rather than Samoan and Chinese.
Samoan mostly kept its sound inventory, but adopted 2 major features from Chinese:
1) final consonant "ng" - traditionally Samoan works in a strict pattern of consonant-vowel chaining (though consonants can be omitted), there were never any combinations of consonant-consonant pairs. Chinese introduced the final consonant "ng" and thus a much easier transfer of Chinese vocabulary.
2) short / sixth vowel - Native Samoan only has the 5 basic vowels, though Chinese was always more flexible with its number and types of vowels. The "Sixth Vowel" is a wide range but is only perceived as one sound by native Samoans. The Sixth Vowel also allowed for much more adoption of Chinese vocabulary.
Region: Samoan islands and some other Pacific islands
Family: Austronesian > Malayo-Polinesian > Oceanic > Polynesian > Samoan-Tokelauan > Low/High Samoan
Writing Script: Abugida based on Chinese character radicals, full Chinese script.
Loan Words: Middle Chinese, Hakka, Japanese, and some English.
History: During the late Song Dynasty, a merchant fleet heading for Malacca got lost and found itself in the Spice Islands. Attempting to get back to China, they were blown further off course and were marooned in the Pacific. After being marooned on several islands, befriending the locals, and setting off again, they finally settled in Samoa and built a Chinese school. The language became an important mark of progress in Samoa, as the Chinese crew brought new technology with them, and it was soon a mark of wealth and class. While the Chinese language mixed with Samoan, the mix was bi-directional and soon the distinction was between "Low" and "High" Samoan rather than Samoan and Chinese.
Samoan mostly kept its sound inventory, but adopted 2 major features from Chinese:
1) final consonant "ng" - traditionally Samoan works in a strict pattern of consonant-vowel chaining (though consonants can be omitted), there were never any combinations of consonant-consonant pairs. Chinese introduced the final consonant "ng" and thus a much easier transfer of Chinese vocabulary.
2) short / sixth vowel - Native Samoan only has the 5 basic vowels, though Chinese was always more flexible with its number and types of vowels. The "Sixth Vowel" is a wide range but is only perceived as one sound by native Samoans. The Sixth Vowel also allowed for much more adoption of Chinese vocabulary.
Language: Canarian (Kanariyan)
Region: Canarian islands, Senegal Coast
Family: Afro-Asiatic > Semitic > Central Semitic > Arabic > Maghrebi Arabic > Hassani Arabic > Canarian
Writing Script: Latin script.
Loan Words: Canarian has transitioned the same process as the Maltese: An arabian dialect, heavily influenced by Indoeuropean languages, in this case, Spanish and Portuguese. There are few guanche and wolof loans.
History: A commitment series given by the Umayyad Sultanate to the berbers in service, avoided a full revolt known OTL as the Berber Revolt. More resources were allocated to expand dominions, reaching finally to the Kanariyan Islands - Spanish sailors named them Canarians due to the presence of wild dogs (Canes in Spanish). The Dominion of Kanariya was practically out of any future warfare, due to its offshore position, alterning dominions between spanish, portuguese and african kingdoms, and expanding into the Akdir Islands (OTL Cape Verde) and some towns on the senegalese coast. This is the main reason for retaining a low level arabic with lots of spanish and portugues estrates. After the discovery of America, both archipelagos were obligated stops between transoceanic trade, allowing to spread the language even to North Brazil, where many speakers can be found.
Region: Canarian islands, Senegal Coast
Family: Afro-Asiatic > Semitic > Central Semitic > Arabic > Maghrebi Arabic > Hassani Arabic > Canarian
Writing Script: Latin script.
Loan Words: Canarian has transitioned the same process as the Maltese: An arabian dialect, heavily influenced by Indoeuropean languages, in this case, Spanish and Portuguese. There are few guanche and wolof loans.
History: A commitment series given by the Umayyad Sultanate to the berbers in service, avoided a full revolt known OTL as the Berber Revolt. More resources were allocated to expand dominions, reaching finally to the Kanariyan Islands - Spanish sailors named them Canarians due to the presence of wild dogs (Canes in Spanish). The Dominion of Kanariya was practically out of any future warfare, due to its offshore position, alterning dominions between spanish, portuguese and african kingdoms, and expanding into the Akdir Islands (OTL Cape Verde) and some towns on the senegalese coast. This is the main reason for retaining a low level arabic with lots of spanish and portugues estrates. After the discovery of America, both archipelagos were obligated stops between transoceanic trade, allowing to spread the language even to North Brazil, where many speakers can be found.
Language: Rhaetian
Region: North Italy, Austria, Slovenia
Family: Indoeuropean > Anatolian > Luwian > Tyrsenian > Rhaetian
Writing System: Rhaetian Script is based in the close Etruscan Script.
Loan Words: Despite being unintelligible with other Luwian languages like Hittite and Lycian, Rhaetian was able to hold their Anatolian roots. Many expressions from Oscan, Latin and High Ilyrian were loaned.
History: Recent findings of steles in Northern Italy finally solved the identity of Raetian and by extension, the so called Tyrsenian languages: An Indoeuropean language. Migrations of ancient Anatolians (probably hitites but mostly Luwian) after the Bronze Age Collapse, to the Adriatic Sea, ensured the survival for this unusual anatolian branch. But the Roman Empire establishment, and the migrations of slavic peoples, eased the assimilation of Latin and the extinction of Rhaetian. However, it influenced many of the languages as Venetian, Friulian and Adriatic Ilyrian.
Region: North Italy, Austria, Slovenia
Family: Indoeuropean > Anatolian > Luwian > Tyrsenian > Rhaetian
Writing System: Rhaetian Script is based in the close Etruscan Script.
Loan Words: Despite being unintelligible with other Luwian languages like Hittite and Lycian, Rhaetian was able to hold their Anatolian roots. Many expressions from Oscan, Latin and High Ilyrian were loaned.
History: Recent findings of steles in Northern Italy finally solved the identity of Raetian and by extension, the so called Tyrsenian languages: An Indoeuropean language. Migrations of ancient Anatolians (probably hitites but mostly Luwian) after the Bronze Age Collapse, to the Adriatic Sea, ensured the survival for this unusual anatolian branch. But the Roman Empire establishment, and the migrations of slavic peoples, eased the assimilation of Latin and the extinction of Rhaetian. However, it influenced many of the languages as Venetian, Friulian and Adriatic Ilyrian.
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Language: Ifriqiyan
Official Language: Second Ummayad Caliphate
Region: Africa and Iberia
Language Family: Afro-Asiatic -> Semitic -> West Semitic -> Central Semitic -> North Arabian -> Arabic -> Ifrqiyan
Writing Script: Arabic
Loan Words: 43% African Romance
History: The Roman (Byzantine) Empire uses the abbasid revolt to reconquer the levant and egypt this makes the ummayads survive in west africa and iberia cut off from the abbasid caliphate and a new language forms in africa and iberia
Official Language: Second Ummayad Caliphate
Region: Africa and Iberia
Language Family: Afro-Asiatic -> Semitic -> West Semitic -> Central Semitic -> North Arabian -> Arabic -> Ifrqiyan
Writing Script: Arabic
Loan Words: 43% African Romance
History: The Roman (Byzantine) Empire uses the abbasid revolt to reconquer the levant and egypt this makes the ummayads survive in west africa and iberia cut off from the abbasid caliphate and a new language forms in africa and iberia
Language: Nilotic Mongol
Official Language: Ilkhanate
Region: Nile River Valley
Language Family: Mongolic -> Middle Mongol -> Nilotic Mongol
Writing Script: Greek Alphabet
Loan Words: 23% arabic and 50% greek 10% coptic
History: The mongols win the battle of an jalut and sack mecca medina cairo and other cities and depopulate the nile river valley then they bring in mongol settlers from mainland mongolia and greek settlers from the Roman (byzantine) Empire and together they become the majority and egypt becomes new mongolia and a new language is a created with a mongolian core with a big greek influence
Official Language: Ilkhanate
Region: Nile River Valley
Language Family: Mongolic -> Middle Mongol -> Nilotic Mongol
Writing Script: Greek Alphabet
Loan Words: 23% arabic and 50% greek 10% coptic
History: The mongols win the battle of an jalut and sack mecca medina cairo and other cities and depopulate the nile river valley then they bring in mongol settlers from mainland mongolia and greek settlers from the Roman (byzantine) Empire and together they become the majority and egypt becomes new mongolia and a new language is a created with a mongolian core with a big greek influence
Language: Malgaçe
Region: Madagascar
Language Family: Turkic > Common Turkic > Oghuz > Western Oghuz > Ottoman Turkic > Malgaçe
Writing Script: Latin and Arabic.
Loan Words: Malgaçe evolved from Ottoman Turkish. The most notable influence was from Malagasy, the native language of Madagascar and the surrounding islands. Local Yemeni dialects have their share. These influences kept the integibility away between Malagaçe and other Turkic languages.
History: All began with the final geographic works provided by Piri Reis to Suleiman in 1525. In order to soldify his position in Aden and all Yemen, finance his future european campaigns and secure routes to the Mughal Empire, Suleiman ordered military and trade presence beyond the Red Sea, along the African coast. New explorations were initiated from Aden to all the African Coast, starting a wealthy maritime trade route with the african tribes living in East Africa. One of these expeditions ended founding several towns in Northern Madagascar. The first Malgaçe texts are dated from this time, being simply a trade language between turkish seafarers and natives who expanded to many other areas until the official use by the authorities and the arriving of several subjects displaces from other areas of the Ottoman Empire.
Region: Madagascar
Language Family: Turkic > Common Turkic > Oghuz > Western Oghuz > Ottoman Turkic > Malgaçe
Writing Script: Latin and Arabic.
Loan Words: Malgaçe evolved from Ottoman Turkish. The most notable influence was from Malagasy, the native language of Madagascar and the surrounding islands. Local Yemeni dialects have their share. These influences kept the integibility away between Malagaçe and other Turkic languages.
History: All began with the final geographic works provided by Piri Reis to Suleiman in 1525. In order to soldify his position in Aden and all Yemen, finance his future european campaigns and secure routes to the Mughal Empire, Suleiman ordered military and trade presence beyond the Red Sea, along the African coast. New explorations were initiated from Aden to all the African Coast, starting a wealthy maritime trade route with the african tribes living in East Africa. One of these expeditions ended founding several towns in Northern Madagascar. The first Malgaçe texts are dated from this time, being simply a trade language between turkish seafarers and natives who expanded to many other areas until the official use by the authorities and the arriving of several subjects displaces from other areas of the Ottoman Empire.
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Language: Balkanian
Region: The People’s Union of Balkania
Language Family: Constructed Languge, contains elements of the Hellenic, South Slavic, and Albanian language families.
Writing Script: Greek.
Loanwords: N/A. Vocabulary derives 40% from Serbo-Croatian, 10% from Slovenian, 30% from Bulgaro-Macedonian, 10% from Albanian and 10% from Greek.
History: Following the horrors of Operation Unthinkable and the Third World War, Josip Broz Tito had firmly cemented himself as the one undisputed authority over Southeastern Europe.
Tito knew fully well the greatest weakness of his new state was its ethnic and linguistic division. His own experiences of being unable to communicate with his countrymen of different ethnicities during the First World War had taught him that much.
Though ethnic diversity was difficult to quash, linguistic diversity was a far more surmountable challenge. A new language was to be constructed, one designed to give no one ethnicity an advantage over any other in the functioning of state affairs - Balkanian.
The vocabulary of Balkanian pulls from all the major organic languages of the Balkania, though with a heavier emphasis on the South Slavic languages, so as to make the constructed language sound more natural to the ear.
To compensate for this discrepancy, the language adopted Albanian grammatical rules and the Hellenic script, the latter also confirming with Tito’s desire for Balkanian to seem foreign to East and West alike.
Region: The People’s Union of Balkania
Language Family: Constructed Languge, contains elements of the Hellenic, South Slavic, and Albanian language families.
Writing Script: Greek.
Loanwords: N/A. Vocabulary derives 40% from Serbo-Croatian, 10% from Slovenian, 30% from Bulgaro-Macedonian, 10% from Albanian and 10% from Greek.
History: Following the horrors of Operation Unthinkable and the Third World War, Josip Broz Tito had firmly cemented himself as the one undisputed authority over Southeastern Europe.
Tito knew fully well the greatest weakness of his new state was its ethnic and linguistic division. His own experiences of being unable to communicate with his countrymen of different ethnicities during the First World War had taught him that much.
Though ethnic diversity was difficult to quash, linguistic diversity was a far more surmountable challenge. A new language was to be constructed, one designed to give no one ethnicity an advantage over any other in the functioning of state affairs - Balkanian.
The vocabulary of Balkanian pulls from all the major organic languages of the Balkania, though with a heavier emphasis on the South Slavic languages, so as to make the constructed language sound more natural to the ear.
To compensate for this discrepancy, the language adopted Albanian grammatical rules and the Hellenic script, the latter also confirming with Tito’s desire for Balkanian to seem foreign to East and West alike.
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Im on it.
Language: Trankebarer Danish
Family: Indo-European > Germanic > North Germanic > South Scandinavian > Danish > Indian Danish > Trankebarer Danish
Writing Script: Danish Script. There were attempts to adapt the Tamil Script to most of the danish vowels.
Loan Words: This danish dialect has many loans from tamil, french, portuguese and kannada.
History: Trankebar was one of the many settlements belonging to the Danish Crown, known as the Danish Indies. Christian IV, emulating the model from the Hanseatic League, gave self-government for these settlements, allowing to extend trade interests and secure their positions. Most of these settlements and their danish origins endured most of the times, even with the Napoleonic Wars, since the profits allowed to maintain a professional army. Tamil people worked in these settlements, including new words and constructs to the local danish spoken there, also, portuguese priests and the city of Pondicherry later, formed new terms.
This process also happened with the other major settlements, with even different danish dialects, all included in the Indian Danish family.
The most densely-populated part of Egypt is largely Greek-, French-, or English-speaking, with a POD in 1956?? That's some extensive ethnic cleansing.
Language: Tetchoquin
Family: Dene-Yeneseian -> Na-Dene -> Athabaskan -> Eastern Athabaskan
Writing script: Aboriginal syllabics, Latin script
Loanwords: A few Siouan and Algonquian loanwords and some recent French and English loanwords
History: The Tetchoquin language separated from other Athabaskan languages around 1000, when several bands began migrating east across the boreal forest. As the Mississippian civilisation collapsed due to drought and later epidemics, the Tetchoquin emerged as one of several groups who inhabited the area in their place, migrating to their current home in northern Missouri and central Illinois along the Mississippi River (or in their language, "Tetchoque", hence their endonym Tetchoquin) by around 1500. Despite their unique language, they are closely related genetically and culturally to neighbouring American Indian groups of Siouan and Algonquian stock.
The language has remained remarkably pure over the centuries, with many terms common to other Athabaskan languages reappropriated to fit the more agricultural lifestyle of the Tetchoquin peoples as well as their more southerly location compared to their northern kin. There are very few loanwords from their Siouan or Algonquian neighbours. However, the language borrowed many terms from French and English trappers, missionaries, and others who interacted with them starting in the late 17th century.
Tetchoquin is the only American Indian language in the United States written primarily in syllabics thanks to missionary work which introduced the syllabics as a means of encouraging literacy. Latin script was introduced to Tetchoquin and saw some use in the early 20th century, but language revival efforts center around teaching the syllabics as a point of tribal pride and heritage.
Despite the geographic separation, it is closely related to the Denitina language of Michigan and Canada and together they form the Eastern Athabaskan branch of the Athabaskan languages. Among the first Athabaskan languages to be encountered by Euroamericans, "Tetchoquinic" was at one point a common name for the Athabaskan (or Dene) family, especially among American linguists.
Family: Dene-Yeneseian -> Na-Dene -> Athabaskan -> Eastern Athabaskan
Writing script: Aboriginal syllabics, Latin script
Loanwords: A few Siouan and Algonquian loanwords and some recent French and English loanwords
History: The Tetchoquin language separated from other Athabaskan languages around 1000, when several bands began migrating east across the boreal forest. As the Mississippian civilisation collapsed due to drought and later epidemics, the Tetchoquin emerged as one of several groups who inhabited the area in their place, migrating to their current home in northern Missouri and central Illinois along the Mississippi River (or in their language, "Tetchoque", hence their endonym Tetchoquin) by around 1500. Despite their unique language, they are closely related genetically and culturally to neighbouring American Indian groups of Siouan and Algonquian stock.
The language has remained remarkably pure over the centuries, with many terms common to other Athabaskan languages reappropriated to fit the more agricultural lifestyle of the Tetchoquin peoples as well as their more southerly location compared to their northern kin. There are very few loanwords from their Siouan or Algonquian neighbours. However, the language borrowed many terms from French and English trappers, missionaries, and others who interacted with them starting in the late 17th century.
Tetchoquin is the only American Indian language in the United States written primarily in syllabics thanks to missionary work which introduced the syllabics as a means of encouraging literacy. Latin script was introduced to Tetchoquin and saw some use in the early 20th century, but language revival efforts center around teaching the syllabics as a point of tribal pride and heritage.
Despite the geographic separation, it is closely related to the Denitina language of Michigan and Canada and together they form the Eastern Athabaskan branch of the Athabaskan languages. Among the first Athabaskan languages to be encountered by Euroamericans, "Tetchoquinic" was at one point a common name for the Athabaskan (or Dene) family, especially among American linguists.
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It doesnt have to be exactly ethnic cleansing the french brough the egyptiotes back into egypt forming a new dialect of greek with more french influence and the egyptiotes became a majority because the french encouraged them to have more children and just like great britain also discouraged egyptiolan arabic
The thing is, the Egyptiotes did not make up that much of the population. This is on the scale of making Metro Constantinople Greek Speaking after the '55 Riots.
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well the french could encourage native greeks to speak egyptiot in a potential new caste system in the colony
Language: Neapolitan
Family: Indo-European-Hellenic-Ionic Greek-Neapolitan
Writing Script: Greek alphabet, Phoenician alphabet
Loanwords: 35% Punic, 20% Old Libyan
History: After Punic Carthage failed to get off the ground as a colony, the Greeks experienced their colonization wave and settled there instead. They intermarried somewhat with the Punic inhabitants in the area to solve a severe population shortage. The mixed Greco-Punic colony is known as Neapolis, and fills the niche Carthage did OTL, managing to subjugate Sicily and colonize Iberia more heavily due to its partial Greek roots. Over time, the language becomes muddled with Punic and Numidian loanwords, and becomes a seperate language.
Family: Indo-European-Hellenic-Ionic Greek-Neapolitan
Writing Script: Greek alphabet, Phoenician alphabet
Loanwords: 35% Punic, 20% Old Libyan
History: After Punic Carthage failed to get off the ground as a colony, the Greeks experienced their colonization wave and settled there instead. They intermarried somewhat with the Punic inhabitants in the area to solve a severe population shortage. The mixed Greco-Punic colony is known as Neapolis, and fills the niche Carthage did OTL, managing to subjugate Sicily and colonize Iberia more heavily due to its partial Greek roots. Over time, the language becomes muddled with Punic and Numidian loanwords, and becomes a seperate language.
Cherokee/Tsalagi is written in a mainly Syllabic script, with 86 characters IIRC...