Let's see:
- Canada (as described in the early 1800s, present-day Quebec)
- United States
- Oregon Country (British colony)
- Rupert's Land (indirect British possession through HBC)
- Newfoundland
- Texas
- Mexico
- Several Native American nations as protectorates (I know it was quite possible)
- Central America
Here's the updated version of my post:
(Cross-posting from the
Native American nation-states thread)
1. Athabascan Confederacy (Russian-influenced)
2. Rupert's Land (Cree-dominated, but minority languages such as Objiwa, Michif and Bungee Creole are allowed).
3. Iroquois Confederacy.
4. Cascadia (OTL southern British Columbia and most of Washington state (except the areas near Columbia River), Salishan-dominated)
5. Oregon Country (Chinook as the lingua franca)
6. Lakota (OTL North and South Dakota, actually a collection of Siouan peoples)
7. Oklahoma (same as OTL, but Comanche is the lingua franca)
8. Anasazi (most of OTL northern half of New Mexico, dominated by the Kiowas who adapted sedentary lifestyle of their linguistic kin and much of the population have at least a descendant from the native Mexican captives, both male and female)
9. Navajo Nation.
10. Michigan (OTL Lower Peninsula, but dominated by Pottawatomie and other branches of Algonquian peoples)
The rest of North America:
1. Canada (OTL Quebec, Maritime Provinces/Acadia, and a Francophone-dominated Ontario, mostly settled by Huguenots)
2. Newfoundland (Gaelic-speaking nation-state)
3. Nova Scotia (also Gaelic-speaking, OTL Maine)
4. United States of America (much smaller territory than OTL)
5. Texas (trillingual federal republic; it includes OTL Louisiana)
6. Chichimeca (OTL southern parts of California, Arizona, New Mexico and northern Mexican states, formed as a federation of provinces who were formerly separate Spanish colonies)
7. Mexico (in this case, more linguistically diverse than OTL while maintaining Spanish as the language spoken by the majority and official national language)
8. Yucatan (Mayan-dominated nation-state)
9. Central America.