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How could Africa essentially be united? By essentially, I mean one of three possibilities:
all of the coast and a fair bit of the inland but not the extreme depths of the jungle or the Sahara
most of Africa except for small areas controlled by other states--for example maybe everything except South Africa, Madagascar, and a few European outposts
all of Africa completely united.
Bonus points if a Caliphate has nothing to do with it, extra bonus points if Islam has nothing to do with it, extra extra bonus points if a native African state does it, and extra extra extra bonus points if the native African state is not Christian or Ethiopia.