AHC A second convention in the US

Anaxagoras

Banned
How might such a body be called?

There was talk of it during the secession crisis in order to avoid civil war.

How would it be chosen?

Probably by the state legislatures.

Would any amendments be ratified?

Yeah, but not any good ones at that time. The talk at the time referred to amending the Constitution so that slavery would be absolutely protected in perpetuity against any and all legislative, even other constitutional amendments. Needless to say, that would have been a very, very, very bad outcome.

Interestingly, some of the differences between the Confederate Constitution of 1861 and the United States Constitution (those that didn't directly relate to slavery) reveal that there was a good deal of discussion around the time about how constitutional tweaking. The Confederate President was given a single six-year term and a line item veto, the central government was banned from imposing a tariff designed to further any particular industry, and states were empowered to remove officials of the central government within their borders.
 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_to_propose_amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution
Even though the Article V convention process has never been used to amend the Constitution, the number of states applying for a convention has nearly reached the required threshold several times. Congress has proposed amendments to the Constitution on several occasions, at least in part, because of the threat of an Article V convention. Rather than risk such a convention taking control of the amendment process away from it, Congress acted pre-emptively to propose the amendments instead. At least four amendments (the Seventeenth, Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, and Twenty-Fifth Amendments) have been identified as being proposed by Congress at least partly in response to the threat of an Article V convention.[16]
There have been two nearly-successful attempts to amend the Constitution via an Article V convention since the late 1960s. The first try was an attempt to propose an amendment that would overturn two Supreme Court decisions, Wesberry v. Sanders and Reynolds v. Sims, decisions that required states to adhere to the one man, one vote principle in drawing electoral districts for state and federal elections. The attempt fell only one state short of reaching the 34 needed to force Congress to call a convention in 1969, but ended by the death of its main promoter Senator Everett Dirksen. After this peak, several states rescinded their applications, and interest in the proposed amendment subsided.[17] The next nearly-successful attempt to call a convention was in the late 1970s and 1980s, in response to the ballooning federal deficit. States began applying to Congress for an Article V convention to propose a balanced budget amendment. By 1983, the number of applications had reached 32, only two states short of the 34 needed to force such a convention.[18] Enthusiasm for the amendment subsided in response to fears that an Article V convention could not be limited to a single subject and because Congress passed the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act, which required that the budget be balanced by 1991 (but that Act was overturned by the Supreme Court in 1986).[18]
POD: Everett Dirksen lives longer?
 
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