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European cities have lots of these small locally owned stores but except for in England I see little evidence of any national stores that use economics of buying in bulk and paying staff only basic wages to lower costs and pass on the saving to customers.

And of course until recently there were no European wide chains that operated in every country.

Could such a chain of stores have been possible in the past? Will we see big box stores like WalMart in Europe in the future?

How about chain department stores that feature their own brands like Sears?

How about warehouse stores like Costco?
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