This is a somewhat tougher one:
With a POD no earlier than 1815 have at least one (and bonus points for all) of the following countries balkanized by 1900:
France
Great Britain
Russia
Spain
Brazil
Austria (or Austria-Hungary, depending on your POV)
United States of America
I left Germany and Italy off the list because they were in semi-balkanized state to begin with - but bonus points if you can leave them in the state they were at, or even more so divided.
Bonus points if the POD is after the Battle of Waterloo. The POD must not involve unreasonable advances in technology, ASB intervention, et cetera et cetera. Extra bonus points if balkanization is triggered by something other than the OTL events of 1848.
I suspect with 1815 or later POD United States, Austria-Hungary and France are going to be the easiest to do it to, with Russia and Brazil being next on the list, followed by Spain, and finally Great Britain being the hardest to successfully balkanize at this later date without sacrificing plausibility. In such a world, who would be the major powers by 1900, and by the present time? How would this world differ from ours in technological, cultural, economic, political, and social outlook?
Have at it!