The Federal Republic lasted almost twelve years with constant struggles between the main political parties: the Conservatives, landowners and former monarchists, favoring a strong central government and a confessional state; and the Liberals, republicans favoring a limited government power divided among the
federated states and a
secular nation. That caused a severe political instability and violence.
The republic was ruled by two
triumvirates and nine
presidents.
Guadalupe Victoria, was the only president who completed his full term in this period and in almost 30 years of independent Mexico