Aftermath of a mongol invasion of Europe

Assume that Ögedei Khan doesn't die prematurely, and leads a massive invasion across Europe, successfully estabilishing some sort of "european khanate".
The state's borders shall encompass all of OTL Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France, benelux, Italy without Sicily, Slovenia, Croatia, Bohemia-Moravia, Slovakia, Pomerania, Denmark and Hungary. Iberia, England, Scotland, the Byzantine and bulgarian empires, Scandinavia and Sicily shall be the only remaining native european regions.
So, i ask... what are the effects on european politics, religion, culture, and economy?
Politics
Will the mongols commit regicide to prevent possible rebellions from having a clear leader?
Will this european khanate adopt a more "asian" style of bureaucratic absolutist government?
Will the mongols and turkics who fought in the invasion be given land?
Will the khanate eventually be defeated and partitioned by the kingdoms it didn't conquer or can it survive and prosper?
Religion
Will the mongols kill the pope?
Will the reigning khans of this european khanate convert to christianity eventually?
Will there be any religious minorities carried over by the mongols? I'd find it interesting to see a buddhist temple in the alps.
Culture
Will there be a full miscigenation of altaic and indo-european languages in the long term or will the mongols and turkics just offer a few loanwords?
How about tech development? I'd assume it would be quicker in the long term, considering that Europe had few major centers of learning compared to, say, Persia or China.
Could we see throat singers in church choirs? :p
Economy
Will there be further penetration of the silk road into Europe?
Will this european khanate eventually decide to partake in transatlantic exploration if it survives for long enough?
If the italian mercantile cities are ravaged like any other, what are the effects?
 
Assume that Ögedei Khan doesn't die prematurely, and leads a massive invasion across Europe, successfully estabilishing some sort of "european khanate".
The state's borders shall encompass all of OTL Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France, benelux, Italy without Sicily, Slovenia, Croatia, Bohemia-Moravia, Slovakia, Pomerania, Denmark and Hungary. Iberia, England, Scotland, the Byzantine and bulgarian empires, Scandinavia and Sicily shall be the only remaining native european regions.
So, i ask... what are the effects on european politics, religion, culture, and economy?
Politics
Will the mongols commit regicide to prevent possible rebellions from having a clear leader?
Will this european khanate adopt a more "asian" style of bureaucratic absolutist government?
Will the mongols and turkics who fought in the invasion be given land?
Will the khanate eventually be defeated and partitioned by the kingdoms it didn't conquer or can it survive and prosper?
Religion
Will the mongols kill the pope?
Will the reigning khans of this european khanate convert to christianity eventually?
Will there be any religious minorities carried over by the mongols? I'd find it interesting to see a buddhist temple in the alps.
Culture
Will there be a full miscigenation of altaic and indo-european languages in the long term or will the mongols and turkics just offer a few loanwords?
How about tech development? I'd assume it would be quicker in the long term, considering that Europe had few major centers of learning compared to, say, Persia or China.
Could we see throat singers in church choirs? :p
Economy
Will there be further penetration of the silk road into Europe?
Will this european khanate eventually decide to partake in transatlantic exploration if it survives for long enough?
If the italian mercantile cities are ravaged like any other, what are the effects?
However unlikely the success of this full-scale mongolian invasion of europe is, I don't see it radically changing the immediate european scenario.

Politics
-If by regicide you mean killing the local nobilities and royalties in order to concentrate powers, the mongols would never take such a drastic measure, especially in a far off domain as the european continent. If anything, they would estabilish tributaries, and the local khanate would have to grant more authonomy than usual of it intends to rule directly, given the european descentralization at that time.
-Again, the feudal prospect of europe at the time of the invasion is unlikely to change, regardless of the level of success of the mongols. Local lords would be allowed to carry on their admnistration, as long as they answer/pay tribute to the european khan.
-Migration and landgranting is likely to be restricted to the easternmost plains, as it was in OTL. Dispossessing the local elites isn't a great idea, and central/ western europe seems too far and densely populated for mongols and turks to migrate to.
-The scenario after the downfall of the khans in europe is unclear. As the Holy Roman Empire would be probably dismantled, I believe what follows is the stabilishment larger kimgdoms in germany, something akin to the russian principalities, but smaller. Eastern europe is still reclaimed by large kingdoms and principalities, such as poland and muscovy. The european khanate would probably crumble on itself, sooner than the others.

Religion

-Killing the pope is commiting suicide. No european would ever submit to the khanate then. No better way to unite the entire christendom against mongol rule.
-Considering the way the mongols developed in relation with Islam, christianity is likely to be adopted too by this western khanate, perhaps also spreading it to central asia.
-The mongols usually brought back the religions of the people they conquered, not the other way around. Also, considering the tolerance christianity had with other religions, europe would be a very hard place to adepts of asian beliefs, regardless of the tolerance offered by the khans. If jews had it bad, imagine buddhists, which aren't even monotheistic.

Culture

-No such thing as "full miscigenation" of languages exists. The closest thing you have to that is creoule languages, which are created by very specific contests that are completely unrelated of what would happen in this ATL. Very few loanwords, if any, would be added to the vocabulary of european languages.
-Development technology remains the same. Europe is no less advanced than East Asia and Middle East at that time. The mongol khanates weren't too focused about matters of technology and science
-Very unlikely.

Economy

-Given the distance, I don't see a drastic change in european involvement in the silk road at that time, even if it was somewhat protected by the khanate.
-This is so far-fetched that I can't even imagine how it could be done. There would probably be no european age of exploration if the mongols survive.
-They are probably rebuilt, as the ports by which asian goods would continue to enter are still in that area.

In the end, at least on the demographic, demographic and economical level, Europe remains very much the same as OTL. Regarding geopolitics though, a lot will change.
 
Fair points. However, I disagree with most of them.
I heard somewhere that all continental european armies combined were still no match for the massive armies the mongols could muster. I did get convinced about the mongols not wanting to kill the pope, but i would say that, if the contemporaneous pope is a bit of a rebel, then the mongols could just decapitate him and put another on the basilica. It's not like they aren't masters of continental Europe or something.
Also, i don't think the age of sail would be delayed ITTL. If anything, i think it'd be sped up a bit, as the presence of a large potential enemy in continental Europe could instigate the british and iberians to find somewhere to run to in case of war. Or, if the european khanate remains commercially hostile to these countries, perhaps we could see a situation like when the ottomans blocked/heavily taxed trade coming from the east.
 
Fair points. However, I disagree with most of them.
I heard somewhere that all continental european armies combined were still no match for the massive armies the mongols could muster. I did get convinced about the mongols not wanting to kill the pope, but i would say that, if the contemporaneous pope is a bit of a rebel, then the mongols could just decapitate him and put another on the basilica. It's not like they aren't masters of continental Europe or something.
Also, i don't think the age of sail would be delayed ITTL. If anything, i think it'd be sped up a bit, as the presence of a large potential enemy in continental Europe could instigate the british and iberians to find somewhere to run to in case of war. Or, if the european khanate remains commercially hostile to these countries, perhaps we could see a situation like when the ottomans blocked/heavily taxed trade coming from the east.
It's important that we keep in mind that a larger army does not necessarily mean am easy conquest. The eastern european plains were perfect for mongol conquest, as it very much resembles the terrain they are acostumed and prepared to fight in. It was also sparsely populated, which made the invasion easir.

As we approach central europe, geographical barriers become more frequent. Of course, the alps and the german forests are nowhere near the obstacles that the himalayas are, but it makes invading the regions that lie in and beyond them harder. Also, we are now talking about more densely populated areas, in a continent far away from the mongol center of power. Conquering central europe,though harder than other areas, is possible. Holding these teritories for a significant amount of time however, is a lot more complicated.

Finding somewhere to run is unlikely to be the cause of any alternate age of exploration. The portuguese explored the seas to find another route to the indies, in order to provide spices to the spice-deprived european market, which had to acquire them through the turks. In this ATL of yours, not only the routes are controlled by non-christians, but also the markets.
 
Britain becomes the Japan of Europe and might get a massive influx of refugees as might Ireland - both prosper accordingly. Spain might see a generation of peace as the Muslims and Christians decide that Mongols represent a greater threat or use them as leverage for their own petty gains. Scandinavia might not notice. Italy might be weakened enough to allow for a Muslim invasion in the South while Germany could unite or converge into a small number of more powerful duchies/kingdoms much earlier.
 
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Considering that the further the Mongols got from the central asian plains the more they struggled in maintaining their grip on their conquests and furthering said conquests, case in point being the Mamluks repulsing that force sent to take Egypt.

As powerful as the Mongols where their OTL expansion was really pushing the limits of their command and supply lines. Considering how heavily forested Central and Western Europe during this era, compounded with the terrain differences the any Mongol conquests would at most just be massive raids that ravage most of the continent.

Looking at the Mongol failures in conquering Indian and Vietnam. Locations a lot closer to the Mongol core then Western Europe, its very likely that the kingdoms such as Poland, Austria and Bohemia would fall to but Germany proper and France itself would probably just get raided a lot. Similarly to what happened in India where the Mongols conquered the periphery of the sub continent and continued to raid the interior for decades but never really conquer.

Italy itself would be a toss up if the Italian states with French assitance could hold the Alpine passes they may be able to repulse a Mongol force. A naval invasion of Italy could be fought off by the Italian states.
 
Considering that the further the Mongols got from the central asian plains the more they struggled in maintaining their grip on their conquests and furthering said conquests, case in point being the Mamluks repulsing that force sent to take Egypt.

As powerful as the Mongols where their OTL expansion was really pushing the limits of their command and supply lines. Considering how heavily forested Central and Western Europe during this era, compounded with the terrain differences the any Mongol conquests would at most just be massive raids that ravage most of the continent.

Looking at the Mongol failures in conquering Indian and Vietnam. Locations a lot closer to the Mongol core then Western Europe, its very likely that the kingdoms such as Poland, Austria and Bohemia would fall to but Germany proper and France itself would probably just get raided a lot. Similarly to what happened in India where the Mongols conquered the periphery of the sub continent and continued to raid the interior for decades but never really conquer.

Italy itself would be a toss up if the Italian states with French assitance could hold the Alpine passes they may be able to repulse a Mongol force. A naval invasion of Italy could be fought off by the Italian states.
Precisely. Geography dictates everything in the ways of warfare.

Also, a mongol naval invasion? Japan 1274/1281 #neverforget.
 
Britain becomes the Japan of Europe and might get a massive influx of refugees as might Ireland - both prosper accordingly. Spain might see a generation of peace as the Muslims and Christians decide that Mongols represent a greater threat or use them as leverage for their own petty gains. Scandinavia might not notice. Italy might be weakened enough to allow for a Muslim invasion in the South while Germany could unite or converge into a small number of more powerful duchies/kingdoms much earlier.
At the time of ogedei khan, the caliphate had already been crushed by the iberians, reducing muslim rule to the emirate of garnatah, which became a tributary/vassal state of castille.
Invading italy is always a difficult thing. Without a massive army, I can hardly see a muslim power being allowed to consolidate itself so close to rome.
 
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