African Resources Thread

TOWN PLANS AND OTHER ARCHITECTURAL STUFF

Elevation of the western façade of Fandiyaaru Mosque, Koagannu Cemetery © Stéphane Pradines 2017​

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Plan of Sousse's ribat Credits: Pradines from an original drawing of Marçais, 1954​



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Plan of Sousse's city Credits: Pradinesfrom an original drawing of Lézine, 1966​


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Plan of Monastir's Ribat Credits: Pradines from an original drawing of Lézine, 1966​

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Plan of the fortified city of Mahdia Credits: Pradinesfrom an original drawing of Lézine, 1965​

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Plan of Raqqada's palace and pool Credits: Pradines​

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The sites of Bab al-Nasr and Burg al-Zafar, the first Fatimid Walls Credits: Pradines​

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Location of the sites excavated (2001-2015) Credits: Pradines​

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Location of the Darrāsah parking lot or "Archaeological Triangle" in Cairo.​

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Location of the arsenals of Misr-Fustat. © S. Pradines.​

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Plan of the great of Mosque of Mahdia. S. Pradines, from Lézine, 1965.​

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Plan of Tinnis town walls. © S. Pradines.​

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Location of the fortresses of Tinnis and Farama. Carte de Bellefonds, 1868.​

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Map of Rawda island in Description de l'Égypte, satellite photo Google Earth.​

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Plan of the town walls of Gedi-Malindi, 15th-16th c., Kenya. Source: Pradines, 2010​

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Plan du palais de Husuni Kubwa, Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzanie.​

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Plan of the town wall of Songo Mnara, 15th c. Kilwa bay, Tanzania. Source: Pradines, 2005​

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The Island and City of Quiloa. Source: Thomas Astley, 1746. A New General Collection of Voyages and Travels, London: His Majesty's Authority publisher, vol. 3 pl. 38, p. 388. ISMC -Aga Khan collection, London​

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Husuni Ndogo, fortified caravanserail, 13th c. Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzania. Source: Pradines, 2004​

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Plan of Sanje ya Kati, a fortified outpost of the 11th-12th c. Source: Pradines, 2009​

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by Stephane Pradines
 
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TOWN PLANS AND OTHER ARCHITECTURAL STUFF


Plan of the fortress of Mombasa (Kirkman, 1974).​

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The archaeological triangle or parking Darrāsa (Source: Pradines 2009: 213)​

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-Colour online, B/W in print​

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Map and location of Fāt ̣imid gardens in Historic Cairo​


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Engraving of the fort Jesus in Mombasa (Bocarro in Barretto de Resende, 1635)​

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Plan of the citadel of Mozambique, Saint Sebastian (Kirkman, 1964).​


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Engraving of the fort and Mozambique Island (Bocarro in Barretto de Resende, 1635)​


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-Le fort de Nkame Ndume​


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plan de la Grande mosquée de Gedi, Kenya -© Stéphane Pradines N 10 m 0​


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plan et photographie de la Grande mosquée de Sanjé ya Kati, Tanzanie © Stéphane Pradines et Pierre Blanchard​


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Localisation des sondages 1 à 24.​


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Plan d'interprétation du site avec urbanisation bipolaire.​

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8 Plan of the rammed-earth wall and the post-holes Credits: pradines.​

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Muslim graves 11th-12th centuries.​

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Stony area, cemetery 11th-12th centuries.​


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First settlement, 9th-10th centuries.​

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all by Stephane Pradines
 
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TOWN PLANS AND OTHER ARCHITECTURAL STUFF

Sinoia fort, Zimbabwe (Garlake, 1967)​

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Hartley fort, Zimbabwe (Garlake, 1967)​

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Drawing of Fort Jesus, Mombasa (Kirkman, 1974).​

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END OF TOWN PLANS AND OTHER ARCHITECTURAL STUFF. NOW FOR THE TERRITORIAL MAPS.

Centres commerciaux du Kenya médiéval.​

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Centres commerciaux de la Tanzanie médiévale.​

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General map of the town of Nora, Ethiopia​

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Malagasy rock crystal mines location​

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Map of the Indian Ocean marking the location of the principal medieval ports​

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Indian Ocean Trade roads.​

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1 Map of the Muslim cultures of the Indian Ocean. Courtesy Stéphane Pradines. E d i n b u r g h U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s​


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Comoros archipelago and Mayotte.​

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all by Stephane Pradines
 
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87Sr/86Sr isoscape of Angola using random forest regression model. The scale of 87Sr/86Sr is classified by Fisher-Jenks natural breaks that optimize the variance within and between classes (Slocum et al., 2008). Credit: Journal of Archaeological Science (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2023.105775

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From

 
The Hill Complex at Danangombe, Capital of the Rozwi state, showing the layout of the palace and adjacent enclosures.

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Remains of the audience chamber still stand at Naletale. This large radial structure also contained compartments for the mambo himself as well as ones for storing his meat and beer.
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A present-day rain shrine has been assembled on Sojwane Hill
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The royal burial ground was found on the summit of Sojwane Hill
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Possibly built as late as the early eighteenth century, the walls at Sampowane feature decorative styles typical of Zimbabwe Culture sites
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The seventeenth-century leader Changamire established his capital here at Danangombe, Zimbabwe. The office of the Mambo's messenger was on top of the platform above the 'crocodile ridge' (the corner in the centre of the wall)
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The remains of a fort at Ruwingo wa Kasekete in Zimbabwe. The fort was built by the Portuguese for the Mutapa leader, Mavura 11.
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The extent of the Mutapa state was greatly exaggerated in this sixteenth-century Portuguese Map
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This Dominican-style cross at Khami may have been left by the Portuguese after the attack on the capital in 1644.
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The Victor of the Torwa civil war may have lived here at Zinjanja palace, East of Bulawayo
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Located in Eastern Botswana, this copper mine dates to the Khami period
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The number 8 ruin, or Passage ruin, at Khami was most likely an initiation centre.
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The alcove in this once subterranean passageway at Khami contained an Ivory tusk and two engraved stones.
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The King's audience chamber at Khami, Zimbabwe was originally covered; visitors approached from the far side of the room, entering through the gap in the wall
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Pottery Fragment unearthed at Khami
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The Zimbabwe Plateau, showing the extent of successive political states in Southern Africa from the thirteenth to the nineteenth century.
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Three major trades routes were used to transport goods between the easy coast and capitals in the southern African interior
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These Fragments of fourteenth-century Persian pottery were found at great Zimbabwe
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Ruins of the old fort at Kilwa, south of modern-day Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It guarded the entrance to a harbour that controlled much of the coastal trade as far south as Bazaruto in Mozambique
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Salt encrustations on Does Pan, one of the Makgadikgadi salt pans in northern Botswana. Salt was exploited for centuries from the surface of the pans.
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The corner wall at Kubiku, Eastern Zimbabwe, forms a single dentelle. The e-sign is derived from the dorsal ridges of a crocodile
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Dark lines clearly visible in the lower wall to the left of the conical tower resemble zebra stripes. Similar lines appear in the lower part of the opposite entrance all. This patterning represents the fertility of young women
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The image, taken in the early 1900s, shows the female entrance to the Great Enclosure before reconstruction.
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Monoliths (tall stones) mounted on top of a wall at lower Majande represent the "horns of the mambo"(leader).
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In some societies, the Bateleur eagle is viewed as a messenger from God.
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The birdstone on the left is a standing bird, indicating that it is male (also note the five toes), while that on the right is sitting and thus female.
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The masungiro centre (a complex for fertility rituals) I'm the lower valley contained female symbols such as vertical grooves and stone grain bins. It is also here, next to this, that the eighth birdstone, suffused with female metaphors, was found.
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Could you please spoiler these? It's really annoying when someone makes a longpost that takes 10 swipes of the spacebar to scroll past.

Also, these aren't maps, so surely they can be hidden?
 
Could you please spoiler these? It's really annoying when someone makes a longpost that takes 10 swipes of the spacebar to scroll past.

Also, these aren't maps, so surely they can be hidden?
Did put them in spoiler cuz I didn't want to write out the entire article in the screenshots but if it is that much of an issue, I guess I will but later and not for the Bantu Symbol one. That one, I'll only spoiler the list of symbols.
 
Did put them in spoiler cuz I didn't want to write out the entire article in the screenshots but if it is that much of an issue, I guess I will but later and not for the Bantu Symbol one. That one, I'll only spoiler the list of symbols.
So the next screenshots of chapters won't be spoilered.
 
As I go back and arrange earlier stuff, I often add some extra related maps. This post would be the one with the most additions, from 1 initially to 15 now.

Egypt and Ethiopia
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  • Algeria 1841
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  • French Expansion
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  • Senussi 1900
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  • Eastern Sudan and Ethiopia
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  • Egypt provinces
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  • Algeria 1600-1700
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North Africa 1836: Note that the size of the Saharan states are far too large as area of influence is used as borders.
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  • Fezzan
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  • Hoggar Regions
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  • Percentage of Muslim Population put into internment camps 1960
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Beja region
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Ancient Trade Routes
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  • Western Sahara Trade Routes
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  • Provinces of the Regency of Algiers before the 16th century (Biskra will later become a Beylik dependent on the Eastern Beylik of Constantine, de jure its own Beylik, de facto ruled by the Beys of Constantine).
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  • Sinai border claims
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  • Morocco Influence
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  • (ALL IN ARABIC )General locations for the pre ottoman subdivisions of Egypt (Note that they aren't 100% accurate but they help with the general locations)
  • First one is of the nile delta in the time of larger a'amal (provinces), the second one is of middle Egypt in the smaller koras (nomes), the third one is of upper Egypt I'm the smaller nomes period (on the left) and the bigger nomes period (on the right), the fourth one is a map of the byzantine diocese of Egypt, the fifth one is a map of the nile delta in the bigger nomes period, the sixth on is a map of the nile delta in the smaller nomes period, the last map is of middle Egypt in the bigger nomes period


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  • Shilluk Kingdom early 19th century
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  • Stars represent the governing institutions of towns and squares represent the governing institutions of saqiya communities
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  • http://tribusdumaroc.free.fr/beniarous.php
    Tribus du Maroc
    La diversité du Maroc ne se limite pas à ses paysages, à sa faune et à sa flore. Le Maroc possède également une extraordinaire diversité humaine qui forme un gigantesque mozaïque couvrant tous le territoire du royaume. Découvrez le Maroc, découvrez ses habitants, découvrez les tribus du Maroc.


  • Morocco to Modern Mauretania from the middle ages to 1800. (Italics mean either founded before 1300 and abandoned by then, or after 1800. White are regional names)

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  • Wattasids and Alaouties Kingdoms of Morocco
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  • It's a kingdom of Fās, with provincial borders and provinces. The provinces are clockwise (from the coloured to the one in the south-east in the desert): Tāmasnā (the coloured one), Fās (north of it), Azghār (north of Fas, not sure about proper spelling), al-Habt (the peninsula of Tanger), al-Rīf, Tamzaṭ or Taḥzaṭ, al-Ḥūz or al-Ḥawz (the desert province just west of Moulouya river). just provinces

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  • Maghreb al-Aqsa 1450-1550 from Historical dictionary of Morocco
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  • Southern Morocco on the even of the Sa'adians. Source: Weston F. Cook, The Hundred Years War for Morocco (Boulder: Westview Press, 1994), 135
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  • Guish tribes of Morocco under the Alawi dynasty. Source J. Le Coz, "tribus guishs au Maroe" Revue de Geographie du Maroe, no. 17, 1965
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  • Morocco c. 1800
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Political Divisions of Morocco from 1500 to 1515
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https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/81626535.pdf http://hemed.univ-lemans.fr/cours2011/en/co/grain2_2_1.html
 
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[*] The settlements and clans of the Ait Ayash
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  • Populations of the Moulouya Plain
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  • https://www.maghress.com/fr/goagadir/558
    Maghress
    Histoire du souss : LE TAZEROUALT

  • Tenveves is the French spelling of Tin Wawaz/Wawazguit Its capital was Tamnougalt Also known as Mezgita (Mezquita) Ait Wauzgit is also a name for them

  • "The Saadians attached the greatest importance to the provinces of South. It was the traditional birthplace of all contenders for power and the Saadians did not forget their origin. This is why the oases of the south the Atlas and the Sahara had the strongest garrisons. A chain of kasbas stretched from the ocean to the Algerian border, passing through Tagawost (today Ksabi), Akka or Chaïb, Tissint, Beni Sbih, Tazarine (Ksiba Ignawan?), Tafilalet, Oum el Afen, Garcilwin and Taourirt. Its immediate aim was to defend the sedentary population of nomadic Arabs from the Maqil tribes and in the Draa region from the Awlad Selim. This is the Draa Valley which had the strongest garrisons. From Abdallah el Ghalib it was divided into two lieutenancies on which depended administratively the other kasbas. The first included the territory of the former emirate of Tenueues (Tin Wawaz, Aït Wauzgit) called since the first half of the XVIth century Timezgit or Mezgita, with its capital in Tamnugalt near Agdz. The second lieutenancy whose seat was at Tinzulin (kasba el Maghzen), included: Tinzulin, Ternata, Fezwata, El Ktawa and El Mhamid. Apart from the seats of the two lieutenancies, there were in the Draa Valley eight other forts, along the North River at the South: Abernus, Afra, Awlad es Sultan, Taragal (Taghrelil, Taghellin?), Tanagamt, Tagmadart (Amzru?), Beni Semgin and Beni Sbih"



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  • Morocco between the beginning of the 16th century and the second storming of Fes (1554)
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  • The Early Muslim Magreb
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  • But it's really old work - many places are missing, some are slightly mislocated, especially in the Sahel.. and as you can see the tribes are very few there. It's some 6 or so years old - an early phase of my research. This older version of my map might help with that. It is comiled from quite a few papers which have been uploaded here + many other ones... Basically the central parts around Hoggar, then the Fezzan area and the Adrar in the south-west Sahara should be the primary areas inhabited with tribes, while the rest would primarily be best displayed as corridors with oases

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