What would have happen to Africa if direct rule hasn't become in fashion and "informal imperialism"* had stayed in practice? POD is between 1830-1870
Europe still become the "centre" of the world, through economical, technological and military means.
Tradingpost and local areas of European direct rule and settlement still happens (Algeria, Cape, the Boer Republics etc.).
Local protectorates and vassal is also premitable.
How would Africa look today.
*control through military influence and economic dominance