The Transisthmian Canal, a proposed sea-level replacement for the Panama Canal discussed in the 60s. It would have been wide enough to accommodate modern supertankers and other large vessels, and it would have been excavated at sea level to avoid the need for a complicated system of locks. And, at least in some proposals, it would have been excavated by a series of several hundred nuclear explosions, as part of Project Plowshare. My next TMMAM update (see sig) is going to be on the canal, once I track down a few more books.
Plowshare had a whole bunch of mega-engineering proposals. How about an instant harbor up in Alaska? Another Plowshare proposal was to use nukes to excavate a canal from the Mediterranean to the Qatarra Depression, to both irrigate the desert and generate hydroelectricity. Then there was the plan to manipulate hydrological cycles by using nukes to break up rock, so that rainwater would be absorbed into aquifers rather than evaporating. There were a whole bunch of ideas like this - they got very creative.
If you don't mind military examples, a lot of the Peacekeeper missile basing proposals fall under mega-engineering. The most famous is the Racetrack, which would have converted a chunk of desert the size of Rhodes Island into a vast system of bunkers, and missiles would be shuttled from bunker to bunker so that the commies would never know which one had the real missiles. I've heard on the net that it would have taken several years worth of the entire US concrete production capacity to build, but I can't confirm that.