Causes.
The CISPLATIN War (1825-28)
Causes: The war of independence of Uruguay, supported by Argentina, eager to incorporate it as the united province, was the main cause of this war which met Brazil further weakened militarily for the following reasons:
Portugal had taken three divisions of Brazil, forced by our Independence.
Lack of military leadership with the return of Portuguese officers to Portugal in the colonial army that occupied the most important posts in Brazil
The Brazilian Army novel was driving the effort to consolidate its operational independence in Pará, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará and Bahia, in addition to the commitment in the field of Republican Revolution in the Northeast - the Confederation of Ecuador in 1824.
Significant events: On April 19, 1825, Cisplatin Province rebelled against Brazil, which was incorporated by Portugal in 1821.
On that day, the Orientals, led by Colonel Don Juan Lavalleja and from Argentina, landed in Agraciada beach in Uruguay River and began the process of independence of the last country of Spanish origin in America.
On October 25, 1825, Lavalleja proclaimed the independence of Brazil and the current Uruguay declared confederate the United Provinces of the River Plate.
• It was approved by the Buenos Aires Congress.
• It was rejected by Brazil, which declared war on the United Provinces.
The troops of the Rio Grande, now under the command of Marshal José de Abreu, started operating in the strategic field, with a mission to raise troops of the captaincy and frown upon Montevideo, to assist the General Lecor to tackle the eastern revolt.
In September 4, 1825, Colonel Benedict militiaman Manoel Ribeiro defeated Rivera in Aquila. 23 Rivera in Rincón de Las Galinas, took the reserve of about 6000 horses Abreu Marshal and the next day, hit two militia regiments Guarani Mission.
On October 12, was fought the battle of Sarandi: the troops, the Bento Manoel Ribeiro command, were beaten by Lavalleja and Rivera. Therefore, the militia and gaucho troops failed to join the General Lecor.
Marshal José de Abreu
had to return to the Rio Grande and defend him with a faint and weak defensive cord.
The Oriental Rivera and Lavalleja, reinforced by the Argentines, dominated throughout Uruguay, except Colonia and Montevideo.
Caxias, then Captain, participated in the defense system of Montevideo.
The troops of Rio Grande do Province were reorganized. The predominant line 2nd Cavalry (Militia): valuable, but limited operation against the forces they would face - the Republican Army of Argentina, regular and veteran of the independence of Chile, Bolivia and Peru.
The command of War was in charge of a brave and experienced guerrilla, José de Abreu Marshal, who was replaced on 3 February 1826 by another military leader, until recently Infantry Colonel of the Legion of Volunteers Reais - Brigadier Francisco Paula Rosado Massena, without experience in the strategic field and the Rio Grande.
Now the government of Rio Grande was separated from the military command, which now depend on the President. This brought a series of unfortunate misunderstandings. The gaucho territory was helpless.
Massena Rosado demonstrated incompetence to command the Army of the South. He hurried, inexplicably, to gather all available forces in Santana (Imperial camp Carolina, one of the names of Princess Leopoldina), baring the rest of the border, easy prey for involvement by Aceguá. Ranked Jaguarão Colonel Bento Gonçalves, who has missed the order of concentration in unhealthy region and lousy pastures. While Massena discussed with the Viscount of São Leopoldo, president of the province, the army deteriorated in Santana.
The public outcry woke D. Pedro I, who decided to go personally to the theater of operations, taking important reinforcements and a new and prestigious commander, Lieutenant General Felisberto Caldeira Brandt Bridges and Barbacena Marquis, who, with very good advice, took command the South Army on January 1, 1827, in Santana, like this:
"I found a barefoot army without ammunition mouth (food) and war, without medicine, without horses and reduced after a year the most humiliating defensive."
The Barbacena decisions:
• displacement of Santana Army to Bagé in order to bring up on the enemy invader and the main centers of the Province (Porto Alegre, Rio Grande, Pelotas, etc.),
• Army organization still underway.
• meeting with the troops Marshal Henry Brown (about 1,600 men) sent from Rio de Janeiro
On the action of Barbacena, we can conclude:
1) Have been exceptional achievement of Barbacena and his Staff receive a troop in tatters and march toward Bagé and even put yourself in a favorable position on a hill, for his infantry and interposed between the Argentine-Oriental Army of Alvear and the main cities of Rio Grande, with free way to be supplied by them.
2) It was the the Rosary Pass Battle (Ituzaingo), undecided, resulting in a fight against whose Brazilian withdrawal made to pass São Lourenço
in the river Jacuí was forced, not by the enemy, but by the following factors:
Delay in the vanguard, consisting of former deserters and badly mounted, the Command of Marshal José de Abreu, to resume the march towards the passage of Rosary. It took the arrival in the region battle along with the rest of the Southern Army.
Placement of Alvear Artillery dominant and advanced location in relation to the Brazilian Artillery, who had to take disadvantage in a ravine in the
center of the Brazilian position, and so dominated.
Absence at the time of the battle, the Brigade Bento Manuel Ribeiro, who should occupy the left flank. Was replaced by Marshal forefront of Abreu, made up of civilians, former deserters, who gathered in the Sierra Up and evil mounted. It was there that led the Argentine main effort. And that's also what Abreu met his death, sandwiched by enemy cavalry against the
square of the Infantry Division of General Chrysostom Calado.
Adverse Actions of the battlefield fire, which was driven by the wind against the Brazilian position, enveloping her and making her do a withdrawal maneuver in order to not be a victim of that imponderable factor.
Reprehensible behavior of 2nd line units of Mission Indians, who have left the battlefield and plundered the South Army trains. In addition, caused the opening of the current flank Dragons of Brasilia, causing the heaviest
losses of fighting it.
And that was the decision of Barbacena, in a fight against and to prevent his army was destroyed. That he made it clear on your part to fight ...
After remaining in Los Currales - Uruguay, Alvear invaded once again, the Rio Grande by Bagé, which reoccupied. Next,he operate on the river Jaguarão region.
Until now discussing: 'indecisive Battle "" Brazilian strategic defeat? "And" tactic defeat of both contenders, who withdrew from the battlefield? "...?
At this time,the news reached the Brazilian Court of conquering the
Eastern Missions by the General Rivera, who combined with the preceding events allowed to be negotiated by the diplomacy a way out.
It was translated in the Preliminary Convention of Peace, between Brazil and Argentina, which recognized the independence of Uruguay after seven years of artificial incorporation to the Empire of Brazil.
South army went to the village to Piratini command, since January 21, 1828, Lieutenant-General Carlos Frederico Lecor, where he was
demobilized in December 18, 1828, after having wintered there.
And there was a dissatisfaction with the conduct of war, piling up-came motivate the Revolution Farroupilha (Ragamuffin) that in Piratini had its epicenter.
As the seat of a large municipality consists of the current Canguçu, Cerrito, Pinheiro Machado, Coal Black, and Candiota Bagé to the Pirai.
Location that served as the capital of the Republic Rio Grande, improperly confused with Republic of Piratini.