Interlude #2
Flickering Lights At The Picture House-The Start of American Cinema
An 1896 Phantascope Machine
Excerpt from “
Hot Footlights and Magic Lanterns: Vaudville's Impact on American Theater and Culture During The Gilded Age” by Professor Andrea Beaumont, University of Southern California Publishing, 2009.
This section is from Chapter Seven “The Intrusion of Clickies”
...the term itself is rather hard to find the exact taxonomy of. In his 1978 book “American Cinema And Its Vocabulary: An Examination of Slang, Terms, and Words”, Professor Denton Fitzgerald of Princeton University, gave his findings on the matter.
“The term 'clickie' most likely comes from the sound the early Phantoscopes made as they operated, making a 'click-click-click' sound. Early films were silent subjects, and music rare outside major establishments and theatres, the ever present clicking would be something easily coinable in the papers.”
Indeed, the term itself began to associate itself with the film more and more over time, with the first widespread use being found about 1903. Earlier mentions were often on posters, flyers, and the occasional newspaper article. The earliest published appearance of the word is in an 1898 newspaper advertisement for a vaudeville exposition in Atlanta, Georgia which stated “musical numbers, negro banjo serenades, and examples of the newest clickies will appear at Loew's Theater on Peachtree and Forsyth.”
Vaudeville itself was reluctant to accept the device as much more than a marvel to draw crowds. Even though most on the circuit were uninterested in appearing in clickies, others were less than welcome to the flickering marvel. Charley Ellsworth Grapewin, would be among the few to transition over later in life, though most of his early career he was “cool” to appearing on film. His reaction was better though than contemporary vaudevillian Macklyn Arbuckle (brother of Andre Arbuckle and cousin of future
clickie film comedian Roscoe Arbuckle) derided the
clickies as “expensive, dull, and vapid light shows for moths.” It would be financial troubles and pressure from his wife that forced him into a brief stint of acting in
clickies, before his death in 1932.
However, vaudeville had to thank two men for introducing the first practical American projection system for its eventual demise.
Thomas Armat and Charles Francis Jenkins
Pioneers of American Cinematography
NEW YORK TIMES
August 22nd, 1897
Evening Edition
THOMAS ALVA EDISON KILLED IN ACCIDENT AT MENLO PARK LABORATORY
FAMED INVENTOR DIES IN CHEMICAL BLAZE
Columbus Dispatch
August 24th, 1897
INVENTOR-SON OF OHIO BURIED NEAR HIS HOME IN WEST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.
GOVERNOR SENDS CONDOLENCES TO MRS. EDISON AND FAMILY.
Washington Post
August 27th, 1897
POLICE DISCOVER FRAYED ELECTRICAL WIRING CONTACTED WITH FLAMMABLE CELLULOSE
INCIDENT MOST LIKELY AN ACCIDENT