A son, not a daughter for the King of Scots. A timeline from 1542

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Henry, Prince of Wales, married Catherine of Bourbon on 3 May 1581. (1) She was the daughter of King Antoine of Navarre and Jeanne d'Albret. She was a Protestant. She gave birth to a girl on 5 April 1582, followed by a boys on 26 January 1584 and 18 June 1586. She and Henry named their daughter Elizabeth, and their sons Edward and Henry respectively.

(1) See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Bourbon.

 

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The life and career of Isabella, the eldest daughter of Philip II of Spain and Maria of Portugal, (born 15 September 1555) was much like that of Isabella Clara Eugenia in OTL. (1) Maria gave birth to a baby girl on 22 August 1559, and to a baby boy on 13 March 1561. She and Philip named them Catalina and Ferdinand respectively. They had no more children. Maria died on 16 October 1577 (as in OTL). Philip did not marry again. Catalina married Charles Emmanuel, Duke of Savoy, in April 1583. Philip, the eldest son of Maria and Philip II (born 9 July 1557) was a sickly child and died when he was five years old.

Ferdinand married Margaret of Austria (born 9 March 1561) in October 1584. She was this TL's sibling of Wenceslaus, Archduke of Austria. When Philip II died on 13 September 1598, Ferdinand succeeded his father to the throne of Spain and of the Spanish possessions, as Ferdinand VI of Spain, Sardinia, and Sicily, Ferdinand II of Portugal, Ferdinand IV of Naples, and Duke of Milan.

(1) See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_Clara_Eugenia.

 

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Margaret of Austria gave birth to a baby boy on 19 August 1585, to a second boy on 17 May 1587, and to a girl on 9 February 1589. She and Prince Ferdinand named them Philip, Charles, and Maria respectively. A stillborn boy was born on 27 April 1590, and twin girls on 8 September 1591 who died in the first few weeks of their lives, Margaret gave birth to a baby girl on 11 June 1593, followed by a 24 January 1596. She and Ferdinand named them Isabella and Alonso respectively.

Ferdinand VI wanted good relations with England. So he and Henry IX signed a treaty in June 1600. It provided that the English government would no longer allow English pirate ships to prey on Spanish ships or attack Spanish ports. Also Henry would allow Catholics to worship freely, and Catholic priests work in England, provided they did not preach against the Protestant religion. Henry's sixteen year old eldest son, Prince Edward, was betrothed to Princess Maria.

 

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The Anglo-Spanish Treaty of 1600 ended the hopes of Hugh O'Neill and the Irish rebels that Spain would intervene in Ireland on their behalf. In August 1600, he submitted to the Lord Deputy of Ireland, Walter Raleigh, and the rebellion ended. Raleigh was rewarded by being made Earl of Devonshire. Therefore there was no battle of Kinsale in 1601, in which an English army defeated a joint Irish/Spanish one, unlike in OTL.

 

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Henry IX was a patron of Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare. The two men were rivals. Shakespeare was jealous of Marlowe's success as a playwright, and his popularity. The latter was not murdered in 1593, and continued to write popular plays. On 28 April 1601, the two men met in a pub in Southwark. They argued and things became heated. They drew their daggers, and fatally stabbed each other, it is assumed accidentally. Though it is claimed that Shakespeare deliberately killed Marlowe. The former wrote the same plays and poems he did in OTL before 28 April 1601.

William Byrd returned from exile in Scotland in June 1593.

 

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William Shakespeare was thirty-seven years old when he was killed. He was survived by his widow, Anne, and his two daughters, Susanna, and Judith. They were born in 1556, 1583, and c.1585 respectively. He was living in Southwark before his death. However he returned to Stratford-on-Avon and his wife and daughters for a time every year. He had not made a will. He was earning good money from his plays, but Anne was left in financial difficulties.

Shakespeare had already written all his poems. However plays not written by him were as follows (in alphabetical order):
All's Well That Ends Well
Antony and Cleopatra
Coriolanus
Cymbeline
King Lear
Macbeth
Measure for Measure
Othello
Pericles
Troilus and Cressida
The Tempest
The Winter's Tale.
Also Henry VIII, and Two Noble Kinsmen in which John Fletcher is thought to have collaborated.

The tragic deaths of Christopher Marlowe and of Shakespeare are widely regarded as great losses to English Literature, However Shakespeare's early death has meant that Ben Johnson and John Fletcher have more importance than in OTL.

 

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Alexander IV, King of Scots, was only five years old when he became king. So the Scottish Parliament appointed James Douglas, Earl of Morton, as Regent. Alexander began ruling in his own right from 16 August 1580, when he reached the age of sixteen. He married, Catherine (born 5 February 1566), eldest daughter of Margaret, second daughter of Henri II of France, on 15 May 1582. Catherine gave birth to a baby boy on 4 March 1583, and to baby girls on 15 January 1585 and 27 August 1586. She and Alexander named their children James, Margaret and Mary respectively.

 

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In January 1582, Alexander IV authorised the burning at the stake of Protestants for heresy, Protestant services had been banned since July 1569, Protestant lords gave shelter to their co-religionists and places to worship in their houses.

Catherine, Queen of Scots, at first supported her husband's religious policy. But after hearing reports of the bravery of people dying in agony for their faith, she changed her mind. She pleaded many times with her husband to end the persecution. But he refused, saying that he was doing God's work in stopping the spread of heresy, and those sentenced to death were given every opportunity to recant. On 8 May 1587, she met Archibald Campbell, Earl of Argyll, and seven other Protestant lords, at his town house in Edinburgh. They decided that she would ask her husband to end the persecution of fellow Scots, If he refused, they would demand his abdication.

Catherine met Alexander in the garden of Holyrood Palace the next day. He refused her request to end religious persecution. Then the Protestant lords appeared, They were armed, They demanded that he abdicate. He refused and called the guards. There was a fight between them and the lords. One of the guards stabbed and killed Campbell. The other lords then stabbed the king to death. Afterwards they proclaimed his and Catherine's four year son aa James VII, King of Scots,

Catherine became Regent for her son. The following day she ended the persecution of Protestants, So no more were burnt at the stake for heresy, and they could now worship in their churches. 233 Protestant men and women died for their faith in five years.

 

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The population of the English colony of Noepe in OTL southern Massachusetts grew steadily. By 1610 it was an estimated 25,200 including Native Americans, with whom there were generally friendly relations, and mixed race people. It had also expanded in area to the land around Cape Cod Bay and west to Narragansett Bay. (1) The capital was New Colchester (OTL Falmouth, Massachusetts). (2) The original settlement in 1582 was Fort Gilbert on OTL Martha's Vineyard. Colchester was founded in April 1584 and named for the birthplace of Anthony Gilbert, the first governor of the colony.

(1) See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narragansett_Bay.

(2) See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falmouth,_Massachusetts.

 

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Henri III of France died from natural causes on 16 July 1508 at the age of 56. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the Dauphin, Francois II (born 15 May 1577).

Henry Hudson's voyages in 1609 and 1610-11 were the same as in OTL, except for his first voyage he was sponsored by the English East India Company, and not by the Dutch East India Company. He claimed the land he discovered around OTL New York in 1609 for England.

(1) See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson.

 

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On Henry Hudson's expedition in 1610-11, when his ship the Discovery was in OTL James Bay in June 1611, the crew mutinied. (1) They put him, his teenage son, John, and seven crewmen in a small open boat, and provided them with clothing, food, powder and shot, an iron pot and other items, The boat had oars and the men in it rowed to keep up with the Discovery , but the ship sailed away from them. (2) They rowed in the direction of land, and landed on the eastern shore of James Bay. There they were found by a group of Wemindji Native Americans, and given food and shelter. (3). They lived with the Wemindji and learnt their ways and language.

(1) See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bay,

(2) Up to here was as in OTL.

(3) See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wemindji. I got the idea from here: http://www.Ianchadwick.com/hudson/hudson_05.htm .

 

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In April 1617, a party of Nippising (a sub-group of Chippewa) fur traders discovered Henry Hudson, his son John, and the five of the seven crewmen who were put in the boat with them, and were still living, in the Wemindji village. They journeyed with the Nippising to their territory north of OTL Lake Huron. From there they travelled with Ottawa fur traders to a Huron settlement where OTL Montreal is. Then they travelled in a canoe with a group of Huron traders on the St. Lawrence River to Quebec. From there they sailed in a French ship to Brest, and then to Plymouth. They arrived there in September 1617.

Henry Hudson went to the Admiralty in London, and told them his story. He also had an audience with Henry IX, who was most interested in his story. He knignted Hudson who became Sir Henry Hudson. The king claimed Hudson Bay and its watershed for England. He established the Hudson Bay Company by royal charter for the newly claimed territory which he named Princess Mary Land, after his eldest sister.

Sir Henry Hudson was reunited with his wife, Katherine, whom he married sometime around 1592, and his other two sons, Oliver and Richard, John Hudson was reunited with his mother and brothers. Henry died on 7 July 1619. His date of birth is unknown, but he was born in the 1560s. Katherine died on 21 September 1624. She was born in 1572.

Princess Mary married into the Danish royal family in September 1579. She had two daughters and two sons who lived till adulthood. She died in May 1618 at the age of 56.

 

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I have decided not to continue with this timeline. I thank everyone who has read it, commented on it, and liked it.