WI, following the murders of Lincoln, Johnson and others; this amendment were passed by the Congress called into special session in May 1865 and ratified by special State Conventions elected in November 1865 (at the same time as Thaddeus Stevens was elected President )
'“14th Amendment
Preamble
The people of the United States have grievously suffered from a Civil War.
We the People of the United States recognize that said Caivil War was caused treasonous rebellion.
Whereas the said Treasonous rebellion was initiated, promoted and continued to serve the interest of that small class of persons who benefited from property in human beings and unpaid labor never the less many other persons were persuaded or forced to assist said rebellion.
Whereas law and tradition provides for death for those who commit treason never the less these United States has already lost too much blood.
Where as slavery was lawful in certain States and aided and abetted by the Federal Government and by the Constitution, we the people of the United States do hereby confess that property in human beings and forced unpaid labor is now, has ever been and will ever be at once a crime against humanity and an offence against our Just creator.
We acknowledge that the denial of education was an additional injustice of slavery, which should be undone.
Wherefore we do make the following Amendment to the Constitution of the United States:’
1) Persons who assisted treasonous rebellion between November 1860 and April 1865 shall not suffer the normal penalties for treason. However any person who aided and assisted the said rebellion and owned more than 10 slaves shall forfeit all real property in excess of $250. No person who served in any of purported government, of any state which sought to rebel against the lawful government, all officers of former rebel governments and any person owning more than 10 slaves between 1860 and 1865 who gave any material support or comfort to the treasonous rebellion shall absent themselves from all states where slavery was lawful from 1st February 1866 and 31st of January 1881. Nothing in this section shall prevent the prosecution of persons who committed acts outside the normal customs of war or who took part in the conspiracy which murdered our beloved President, Vice President and War Secretary.
2) It is affirmed that slavery, property in human beings, forced Labor other than, as a punishment for properly adjudicated crimes is unlawful. No resolution in any assembly or governmental body tending to reintroduce slavery shall be in order. The government of the United States shall use its best endeavors with other Civilized Nations to see the end of that accursed practice throughout the Earth.
3) The proceeds of property confiscated in accordance with section 1) shall be used to compensate former slaves and loyal persons who suffered persecution or disadvantage during the treasonous rebellion.
4) For the avoidance of doubt it is declared that any purported secession from the United States has always been unlawful It is further declared that where governments of states had sought to promote war against the United States do forfeit all the sovereign rights of states and come directly under such laws as the United States Congress shall ordain. Congress shall have the power to admit states in lands where treasonous rebellion had taken place, to create new states or alter boundaries of former states.
5) Former slaves and the descendents thereof shall have the right to vote in all Federal, State or local elections on land of any state or territory where slavery was lawful on 1st January 1860. This right shall apply in perpetuity.
6) Former slaves and their descendants born up to 1 January 1901 shall have the right to a public education in any land where slavery was legal on January 1 1860.
7) Congress shall have the power to enforce this Amendment with appropriate legislation. The executive branch shall have duty to enforce this amendment.”
One factor in the passing of this amendment was the decision to arrest as many Confederate officers and high officials as possible and the decision to start treason trial on 1 February 1866 unless the amendment was passed.
Also getting accepted by the North would be increased by the incentives in this amendment for former slaves to stay in the South