A New Dawn Rising: What if America stuck by her ideals?

Chapter Thirty-Five – The Conference Of New York
  • Chapter Thirty-Five – The Conference Of New York​

    America had a golden opportunity with the end of the Spanish colonies in America . Its ideals of freedom could now be spread. To that end a Conference in New York would be created, which was to be held in 1823. One that would begin something that nobody could expect. Quincy Adams on behalf of the president would work with President Simón Bolívar of Gran Colombia to organise the event in New York. New York was a strong economic hub for America but president Arnold looked to further expand this was imports and exports to the newly freed countries in south America . Arnold also sought to keep the countries away from European influence.

    The Conference of New York was held from 22 June to 15 July in 1824, the meeting proposed creating a league of American republics, with a common military, a mutual Défense pact, trade deals between the nations and enshrining democratic ideals in the new nations as they grew. Bolívar and Adams were present every day of the convention meeting leaders from all the countries that attended. It was attended by representatives of Gran Colombia, Peru, the United Provinces of Central America and the United Provinces of South America . Chile declined to attend, out of mistrust of Bolívar's enormous influence.

    The event was considered a success and stemmed the tide of nationalism in south America , with future promises to settle any land differences. America sealed trade deals with all the countries that took part while also ensuring that the idea of democracy would spread into south America . This would not appease the monarchist brazil however who condemned American meddling, naming it just as bad as the colonisers of old. The conference ended with the Declaration of the free world. It stated that further efforts by various European states to take control of any independent state in the America s would be viewed as an act of war. It sent shockwaves across Europe. France praised it, Russia was amused by it, the British hated it and Austria feared that America ideals were beginning to infect Prussia, increasing its presence in the HRE state despite protests by the Prussian king.

    The Conference Of New York was supposed to be a onetime deal between the countries in the free world but that would not last. In 1828, four years after the last event a second Conference would take place this time in Bogotá (the fastest growing city in south America ) the conference would herald a shift to the sharing of cultures though ambassadors would still meet and talk trade deals it would begin a shifting trend. The next conference would happen in 1830 and would take place in New York again. After the third time, the event would become a five-year event taking place across south and north America . In 1850, France would join changing the name to the International Conference though it would also unofficially gain the title of World's fair by 1885.​
     
    Chapter Thirty-Six – Democratic Developments
  • Chapter Thirty-Six – Democratic Developments​

    From the date the federal overrent came into power in 1789, the people gained the fight to vote. But since 1789 that had not been true. The majority of American’s did not have a say in government. Voting rights existed only the rich and those who held land. The first five presidents had been elected by the wealthy. There was no resson to believe it would change yet since both the federalists and republicans had no incentives since most of their party were rich men who owned land and enjoyed the simple comforts of power.

    The current president would have not been able to vote under the laws. Arnold was born in Connecticut and was a merchant operating ships on the Atlantic Ocean when the war began in 1775. He joined the growing army outside Boston and distinguished himself through acts of intelligence and bravery. It was not something Arnold was pleased about, an old man now in his 80s he knew he would have to set about the reforms. Arnold after battling against his own party would change voting laws to be open to all white men of any status or wealth. The republicans knew this change would grow federalist favour even further but there was little nothing they could do.​
     
    Chapter Thirty-Seven – The Election of 1824
  • Chapter Thirty-Seven – The Election of 1824​

    As the election of 1824 came around, Benedict Arnold was 83 and due to his closeness to Washington during his time as president he refused to seek a third term which had become the normality by 1824. Alexander Hamilton was seventy, if he did not run now and the federalist won and was successful his next change of taking the office would be in 1832 when he was 78. Feeling ever more tired, Hamilton agreed with his wife in 1824 that he would not seek the office again. With Hamilton and Arnold out of the picture there was only one man for federalists. John Quincy Adams had thrived as the secretary of state and was now pushed forward as the candidate for 1824. Some feared the federalists were making the same mistake the democratic-republicans had made with Monroe yet the party but their faith in him.

    William H. Crawford would be selected for the republicans. Other choices included John C. Calhoun and Smith Thompson. Crawford was a burite believed in peace though Crawford went even further then that. Crawford wanted to settle relations with the British, opening trade with British Mexico and bringing north America to the table to talk. Crawford and Quincy Adams couldn’t be any further apart. Adams wanted to teach the British a lesson though he knew driving them out of Mexico was a silly idea, he was open to talks of annexing Texas. Quincy Adams was a Hamilton believer, an industrialist and a free thinker while Crawford was known for distrusting industry, wanting to be isolated and sticking with the ideas already established.

    The election would be considered significant for the future of America . As the election drew near, Adams came down with a severe cold which nearly killed him but he recovered. Then when all the results came in John Quincy Adams was elected president. John Adams, his father and founding father, was ecstatic. The election would begun the Age of Industry and expansion in America , closing the chapter of the founding fathers. Despite this, Quincy Adams was not ready to let one founding father go away into retirement so easily.​
     
    Part Six: The Presidency of John Quincy Adams
  • Part Six: The Presidency of John Quincy Adams​

    John Quincy Adams.jpg

     
    Chapter Thirty-Nine – The Quincy Cabinet
  • Chapter Thirty-Nine – The Quincy Cabinet​

    Quincy Adams wanted to reorganise the cabinet to be reflective of tomorrow. He wanted to expand the scope of America and begun rapid industrializing. He also wanted to expand further west into Texas though that idea would soon become reality as the second collation war would kick off, a second round against the British. Quincy Adams would take America further then it had gone before and to do that he needed a strong cabinet. This would include:

    Secretary of War: Andrew Jackson- Jackson and Quincy Adams got on very well and had a strong friendship. With tensions increasing, Jackson became the first Secretary of war to begun mobilizing the army including the new Artillery divisions. He would oversee America's effort in the Second Collation war and would allow African-Americans to serve in the army due to the need for more men as the scope of the war expanded. Jackson would also be the first Secretary of war to lead troops into battle.

    Secretary of State: James Alexander Hamilton- Another Hamilton to replace his father. The third son of Hamilton, he was fluent in French and Russia. He moved America closer to Russia, beginning trade to its north American colonies. James Hamilton would help end the second collation war and aid the peace deal. He would also deepen ties with the free nations of North America . The republicans began to make Jokes about the Hamilton family being the federalist face.

    Secretary of the Treasury: Philip Hamilton - Philip Hamilton would lose his position of Secretary of home development and would instead take over from his father at the Treasury. Philip was not his father but he was not useless either. He began taxing alcohol and Tabaco properly, increased the wages of soldiers and manged to keep the economy stable.

    Secretary of home development: Isambard Kingdom Brunel- Philip Hamilton would lose his position in the home department to Isambard Kingdom Brunel. The son of Marc Isambard Brunel, many considered him too young. Quincy Adams appointed him to put across his message of new industry. Brunel would change the face of the American landscape with his designs and constructions. In his first eight years Brunel built more advanced dockyards and began work on the Great Western Railway connecting the north and south together. He also helped see smaller towns grow into industrial cities based around small factories starting ideas that would only grow over his tenure. His biggest victory was working with Quincy Adams to establish the Federal Buru of science and technology (Known as FBST)

    Secretary of the Navy: Robert Fulton- Fulton would contunuie on his role, allowing his steamships to be deployed were they would be annihilated by the British, it was only thanks to the larger wooden wind fleet that pushed back the British. Fulton would continue to strengthen his steam fleet, working with Brunel to make them stronger and faster. Fulton’s reputation would however not recover after the destruction of his so-called steam-fleet even though he did attempt to recover it.
     
    Chapter Forty: The second collation war
  • Chapter Forty: The second collation war​

    The America Quincy Adams took over in 1824 was on the brink of war and Quincy Adams would not help elevate efforts. He would send Alexander Hamilton to Prussia to begun perching democracy. This would begun a chain reaction nobody would have expected. Frederick William III, who had become annoyed with Austrian meddling, had been holding meetings with the Germanic states of the HRE since 1815. With the arrival of Hamilton, an idea of a German confederation began to form. A congress were all the united states of Germany could come together with the king at the top. Upon hearing this news Austria become infuriated.

    Sensing war was coming and sensing another chance to gain an ally in Europe, France moved to protect Prussia and the HRE states that would rebel. The British annoyed with France and still longing for revenge pledged to protect Austria against France. America , under Quincy Adams, knew of the strong French bond and wanted to punish the British pledged to protect France. Spain, wanting to get revenge on America and France blamed them for the collapse of there, joined Austria, Russia wanting closer ties with America and to gain more land from Austria, pledged to fight alongside them. One light is all it would take to ignite war.

    That fuse would explode in late 1825. Austrian troops opened fire on Prussian civilians at the border. Almost instantly Prussian troops fired on Austrian troops. War between Prussia and Austria ignited, the HRE stated followed falling on one of two sides. Russia would follow next, moving its troops to attack Austria in parts of Czechia. By 1827, the French battled Austria in Italy and Spain in Catalonia and also faced of attacks by the royal Navy. Many considered it a continuation of the first coalition war.
    By 1828, the British had swept into Texas and moved to attack America . With its steam fleet destroyed, America seemed defenceless. Sensing defeat, and against the orders of the president, Secretary of war Andrew Jackson put his country and his life on the line to defend New Orleans from a British attack. Over a period of 24 hours, the city was ablaze with battle but by dawn on the second day the British were repulsed. The war was not to last long. The American’s manged to push the British out of most of Texas by 1831 but could not push into Mexico. The north American theatre would fall into stalemate.

    In Europe, Austria could not withhold attacks from three fronts. It gave up in Italy allowing the French to push inward alongside its Italian puppet. It faired beter against Prussia, with both sides matching each other but that did not help the invasion from the Russians. With defeat nearing in early 1832, Austria exploded. Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia all declared independence and began their own brutal fight. Spain would collapse into a third civil war on the assassination of the HRE king, this time France would take Catalonia while peaceful Portugal moved in to take Galicia. In the end, Austria and her allies were defeated.

    In the peace treaties that followed, the French puppet kingdom of Italy united the entire continent, the British were forced to pay the Americans in damages, Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia were all considered independent, Russia took parts of Austria away from them, Prussia untied into the Confederacy of Germany and Spain was forced to give up claims on its old colonies. Despite not claiming any land, the victory was a boost for American moral and even its allies who celebrated a second victory. Another loss at the hands of America and her allies however made Austria, Britain and Spain bitter as they began to lick their wounds again all three would began to look for new ways to win wars. Some would even fall to the vices of extremism.​
     
    Chapter Forty-One: Searching for A New Home
  • Chapter Forty-One: Searching for A New Home​

    The war would also have over benefits as the Federal bureau science and technology came to be. The British needed soldiers and people were now even more reluctant to serve there king and country. Not caring about anything but punishing the America ns, the British government implemented a draft. As the British did this, the FBST began to offer incentives. A stable wage, a place to work freely, to socialise with over free thinkers, to have ideas taken seriously. Feeling that the British would draft them eventually, many free thinkers slowly but surely began to flee to the new world taking their ideas with them. These people would include:

    Charles Darwin: Darwin did not like the England he saw around him as it become more and more powered by hatred of its foe. With war coming, his draft arrived and he refused it. Facing prison, Darwin exiled himself to America . At first, he would lead a quite life though his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species saw him become a member of the FBST to further explore his idea. Darwin was considered a hell spawn of Satan for his theory and a traitor by the British.

    Ada Lovelace and Charles Babbage: Though not by choice of her own, Lovelace would end up living in New York. Augusta Byron was the only child of poet Lord Byron and Lady Byron. All of Byron's other children were born out of wedlock to other women. When lord Byron, learned of the new adultery law he faced prison in 1831. Instead, he chose to flee to America with his family, were he could continue new affairs. Charles Babbage was enjoying life in England, but a offer of a higher wage in America with his own private office and quarters led him to also leave for America. Babbage was nearly arrested for treason when he attempted to take his ideas with him but escaped before the British could. Babbage and Lovelace would eventually work together in inventing the first mechanical computer, the Difference Engine, that eventually led to more complex electronic designs.

    George Stephenson: Stephenson was a big figure in the British Isles. His Locomotion No. 1 was the first steam locomotive to carry passengers on a public rail line, the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1825. His son had left to work on the new more exiting and adventurous America railways in 1826. Stephenson considered moving to but remained. During the war his house was raided and his letters from his son sized. Words such as traitor were used to describe Stephenson’s son. Stephenson would have none of it. he would first flee to France then on to America were he would bring all his ideas to begun expanding the railway systems including the first ideas for underground railway systems.

    Henry Bessemer: America needed steel for everything and it had no idea how to get them. Ignored by the British for being an unknown figure. Henry Bessemer left the British Isles to live it up in the small town of Chicago in 1843. Bessemer had been trying to reduce the cost of steel-making for military ordnance, and developed his system for blowing air through molten pig iron to remove the impurities. This made steel easier, quicker and cheaper to manufacture, and revolutionized structural engineering. He also helped make Chicago a key industrial city, Bessemer boulevard is named after him.

    America would not only attract those who could change America ’s industry as Britain began to come down harder on writers and those who dreamed of a beter world. It needed its industry to work hard it could not allow anyone to showcase it as anything but great. This would cause others to flee to America :

    Charles Dickens: Dickens was only young in the 1830s. But already began to hate the new British system of oppression, the way people began to be treated and the way many lived. His newspaper stories were considered to radical and full of hatred for the British. He was branded a traitor and chose exile over imprisonment. He would settle in New York where he found many of the same problems but here, he could write out about it. His most liked story A Christmas Carol followed the story of scourge, a New York upstate banker who must face the past present and future to learn the meaning of Christmas. His most controversial and deep story was that of Oliver twist in 1838. Oliver Twist was notable for its unromantic portrayal of criminals and their sordid lives, as well as for exposing the cruel treatment of the many black orphans in New York in the mid-19th century.

    Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: Marx, like dickens, hated the way the British country had become since losing twice to the America ns. He believed America was no better but admired their ideas of freedom despite its problems. He would not be exiled out of the British Isles for having radical views. He and Friedrich Engels, would be exiled for being German. Not wanting to return to Germany due to its infancy they moved to America . In 1860, Engels and Marx would create the Socialist manifesto which would go on to become the backbone of the new socialist party.​
     
    Chapter Forty-Two: New ideas and improvements
  • Chapter Forty-Two: New ideas and improvements​

    John Quincy Adams was a strange occurrence in America . He was both a member of the old guard but a part of the new changes that were coming. His father was a founding father, had helped bring America to the glory and freedom it now enjoyed but Quincy Adams was intrigued by the ideas of the time. He wanted and foresaw a new America , the America that alexander Hamilton had foreseen. Quincy Adams was prepared to move forward with new ideas, improvements to aid the country as she moved forward.

    Quincy Adams enjoyed complete federalist control during his eight years in office. The new republican party was still growing and getting stronger after the collapse of the democratic-republican party. The federalists, for the most part, supported Quincy Adams plans to change up the country. It would become known as the American system. The federalists became known for more free immigration, expansion of industry, taxes for all, basic protections for workers and federal control while the republicans became known for restrictions on immigration, increased military spending, gun rights, private ownership and restrictions on worker rights. The republicans gained a stronghold in the south while the federalists claimed the northern states. Any other state that join would fall on either side.

    With federalist country, Quincy Adams would freely spend the surplus of money that America had found itself and began working with Isambard Kingdom Brunel to introduce reforms and implement their agenda. With Brunel by his side Adams managed to get a naval Academy to be established to further train and educate navel person like the military academies did. a national astronomical observatory was also established to begun America s long love obsession with the stars. Quincey Adams would not get his national university as education was still considered a state matter even by the federalist party.

    The real resson Brunel was selected for his role was for ambitious infrastructure projects. Between 1824 and 1832, the home department conducted surveys for a many potential roads, canals, railroads, and improvements in river navigation. The Quincy Adams administration also saw the beginning of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal; the construction of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal and the Louisville and Portland Canal around the falls of the Ohio; the connection of the Great Lakes to the Ohio River system in Ohio and Indiana; and the enlargement and rebuilding of the Dismal Swamp Canal in North Carolina. Additionally, work began on the Great Western Railway connecting New York to New Orleans though other states and their cities. The arrival of railways in America and their sudden expansion over the eight years of Quincy Adams presidency saw many new towns and cities grow including Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Louisville.​
     
    Chapter Forty-Three: The election of 1832
  • Chapter Forty-Three: The election of 1832​

    The election of 1832 was considered in the bag for the federalists from the get go. Quincy Adams was considered a popular president and though he would not run again his reforms and successes had helped change the country for the better. However, there was no clear front-runner for the federalists which had been a consistent problem. Quincy Adams attempted to get Hamilton to run but it was to no avail. Eventually the party would settle for lawyer and Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania James Buchannan.

    The republicans believed they had no chance against the federalists believing they would manage to get Hamilton to run. They chose James K. Polk. Polk had many ideas for the expansion of America westward and warming relations with Russia. He was no republican, he like Washington in the 1790s sat in the middle and was open to hearing ideas from both sides. the republicans chose him because he was known for building a successful law practice in Tennessee. Two people both parties did not think could win would go against each other for the presidency.

    Despite not being the two largest people in the party, Polk and Buchannan would campaign heavily for the presidency. Both having ideas of their own. in the end, the election would fall to Polk. The federalists were surprised to lose after Quincy Adams presidency and the republicans did not fully trust Polk. The election was decided by just one vote which was something nobody had expected. Never the less James K Polk was the first republican president.​
     
    Chapter Forty-Four: New Changes
  • Chapter Forty-Four: New Changes​

    From the start, everyone underestimated James K. Polk. Not considered the first choice for the republican party, Polk would not sit ideally by and would instead make changes that would affect America for years to come. Against cries from both parties, he merged the navy and war department into the defence department in order to make the system run more efficiently and cheaply. He also refused to completely change the cabinet though some changes were needed. The Cabinet included:

    Secretary of Defence: - Stephen W. Kearny-Neither Jackson nor Fulton would keep their roles in the new defence department. Both were considered too old and rejected the new inventions pushed forward by the FBST. Instead, Stephen W. Kearny was selected for the role. Kearny would bring larger changes to the army and navy. He began looking into early ideas of ironclads, strapping rocket artillery to ships, and exploring the ideas Richard Jordan Gatling who had joined the military section of the FBST. These new ideas and changes to the army navy would soon become useful.

    Secretary of State: Martin Van Buren - Hamilton’s third son would lose his post to Martin Van Buren. Buren pushed Polk’s modern ideals of openness to all. During Buren’s term as secretary of state America opened or strengthened relation with the Ottoman Empire, Denmark, the Confederation of Germany, Kingdom of Hawaii and the Kingdom of Tahiti. Buren pushed for trade deals and with America ’s rapid industrialisation and the arrival of faster ships America would soon find itself as one of the largest trade partners in the world. Van Buren would also be the first vice president in the cabinet.

    Secretary of the Treasury
    : Louis McLan - Philip Hamilton would lose his seat as Polk sought to remove the Hamilton influence once and for all. Louis McLan would take over and would seek to begun earning the federal government money though the new railroad system, though someone suspected the Polk government would turn the railways over to the states he did not. McLan was suitable for the job but did not do anything ground breaking.

    Secretary of home development: Isambard Kingdom Brunel- Brunel would keep his role as Secretary of home development as he was considered the best man for the job. During his second president, Brunel achieved many engineering firsts, including assisting in the building of the first tunnel under a navigable river (the River Hudson) and the development of the SS United States, the first propeller-driven, ocean-going, iron ship, which, when launched in 1835, was the largest ship ever built. He also began laying foundations for the New York underground which would take many years to complete though would be the first of its kind and his largest project.​
     
    Chapter Forty-Five: American Curiosity

  • Chapter Forty-Five: American Curiosity​

    America of the 1830s became one obsessed with progress, with exploration and with science. New magazines talked about exiting inventions and the ideas of tomorrow. It was one Polk wanted to capitalise on. His simple ideas a president was to take what was liked and wanted by the public and turn it into ideas instead of following the lines set by the party. It was a bold move but it made Polk popular among the population as he promised to expand and explore. On May 18, 1835, Polk signed a law creating and funding the United States Corp Expeditions. The crop was to be run under the home department. Brunel selected Andrew Jackson to lead it as the pair had become closer over the years. One brig ship, USS Porpoise circumnavigated the world and explored and mapped the Southern Ocean, confirming the existence of the continent of Antarctica. This new Corp would also begun to explore the lands of America , Africa and Asia. Documenting many wild animals and beginning the American love of zoos and protection of rare animal life.​
     
    Chapter Forty-Six: Texas in the Union

  • Chapter Forty-Six: Texas in the Union​

    Texas was a free but struggling nation come 1835. Texas was not nice to native America ns and had continued the policy of slavery for a short while after indepence. It knew however that it could not last alone. Mexico was growing stronger and with trade to the British had begun raids on Texas. Its cities were not as large or advanced as its America n brethren either. Slowly over the 1820s Texas removed slavery and its polices against native America ns though these actions would cause large scale economic problems and unemployment for happening to quickly.

    Polk wanted Texas in the union to combat British influence in the area, it was a goal considered lofty by the republicans. Through secret negotiations with the Houston administration, Polk secured a treaty of annexation in April 1837. When the documents were submitted to the U.S. Senate for ratification, the details of the terms of annexation became public and the question of acquiring Texas took centre stage. Though many debates took place, Polk would win out. Texas was needed as a buffer state and agreeing to focus on improving the cities and infrastructure was a small price to pay. The bill was signed by President Polk on December 29, 1837. Texas formally joined the union on February 19, 1838. Following the annexation, relations between the United States and Mexico deteriorated because of an unresolved dispute over the border between Texas and Mexico​
     
    Chapter Forty-Seven: A Cold Night in March
  • Chapter Forty-Seven: A Cold Night in March​

    President Polk was a popular president by 1838. He had acquired Texas, reformed the departments and continued to take America forward. The election of 1840 was coming up and the republicans seemed ready to win it again after the surprise victory in 1832 and Polk’s re-election in 1836. Martin Van Buren was the Sanctuary of state and was popular as well so popular he became vice president in 1836 with James Alexander Hamilton acting as Sanctuary of state despite Van Buren remaining in control of it. Van Buren could not ease rising tensions with Mexico however over the annexation of Texas. In march 1838, well walking though a park near the president mansion. A gun man jumped out of a bush and opened fire point blank at the president. Three shots hit Polk, two in the chest and one in the heart. The president was killed instantly. America was thrown into chaos as the sitting president was killed leaving them leaderless. The cabinet stood united to continue leading as much as they could with vice president Martin Van Buren taking charge. Van Buren became the unofficial leader of America as congress took only a few hours to decide the next president. The vice president was under the president and thus should become the next president in case the last one dies. Van Buren was sworn in just 24 hours after the death of the underestimated but poplar president Polk. Upon Investigation, It was discovered the gun man was Mexican. It was enouth for fury to be ignited in America . The army and navy were mobilized as people began to call for retribution on Mexico for the actions of the assassination. As he became used to the office Van Buren found himself having little no choice. To respect the legacy of Polk and to avenge him. America had to go to war once more.​
     
    Chapter Forty-Eight: Respecting the Past, Forging a future
  • Chapter Forty-Eight: Respecting the Past, Forging a future​

    Martin Van Buren would serve the rest of Polk’s term before winning his own victories in 1840 and 1844. Martin Van Buren would continue to respect the legacy of Polk while also moving onward to forge a new future. The war of the 1840s would lead to rapid changes in America as Martin Van Buren set about to make changes long since needed. To this end his cabinet would include:

    Secretary of Defence: - Stephen W. Kearny would remain in his position for a further eight years. He finally got a chance to prove that the changes he made to the army were the right ones. The Gatling gun and early ironclads were considered key to the America n victory in the war as its two foes in the war continued to fight in the old ways of war. The invention of rifling in 1843 meant bullets could spin and travel up to 900 feet. This was an important defensive development and increased the range and accuracy of muskets. The war of the 1840s changed America from fighting in the old ways to fighting in new ways and Kearny would lead the charge.

    Secretary of State: James Alexander Hamilton - Hamilton had impressed the new president more then he expected and was reinstated in his role returning Hamilton influence to government. Hamilton focused on a smaller group of nations (France, Russia, and Germany) who were all rising to the status of world powers. Though James Alexander Hamilton, democratic ideals began to slowly seep into Russia. James Alexander Hamilton would also be a key piece of the peace treaty at the end of the making him a popular man in America .

    Secretary of the Treasury: Levi Woodbury- Levi Woodbury would take over in the treasury department and would begin the transition to a modern economic system using new theories. He increased taxes on the rich and introduced new taxes in order to fund the war. Woodbury would also set aside money for Buren’s education ideas.

    Secretary of home development: Isambard Kingdom Brunel- Brunel would remain in the job till the end of the war. Brunel would shift his attention to bridges and Hospitals. Beginning work in the Brooklyn bridge in 1845. His designs for new Hospitals incorporated the necessities of hygiene: access to sanitation, ventilation, drainage, and even rudimentary temperature controls. Brunel even began to drawn up plans for more advanced ironclad ships.​
     
    Chapter Forty-Nine: A Score to settle
  • Chapter Forty-Nine: A Score to settle​

    Van Buren at first expected the war to be an easy one, Mexico was not well developed and the America n army was far larger but it soon found out that the British had moved in to help and now America was fighting round three. Both Russia and France were having economic problems at the time so Van Buren and America seemed ready to face the war alone. At first the war was nothing but stalemates making America fear that the war would not end in any bodies favour again. But Van Buren was determined to push out the British once and for all.

    America was not completely alone; one ally would join her. Germany would begun sending arms and then troops in 1845. German support grew in America with many pieces of media showcasing the Germans as America n brothers. In Horner and in respect of Germany and her great struggle against monarchism, Buren recognised German as the third national language of America after English and French. Shortly after German entry into the war America would gain her first outright victory. British naval ships were heading for New York from Bermuda.

    The British were lured closer and closer to America with there wooden ships, it was here that they were met by the four early-ironclads which sat low in the bay. The wooden fleet was torn asunder ending chances of British naval supremacy in the war. The victory was an outstanding boost to moral for the Americans. The war also began to have an effect on music as warfare became more and more brutal. Tunes such as When Johnny Comes Marching Home, the battle cry of freedom and the hymn of the republic were all born from the war of the 1840s.

    The British were not prepared for the new American way of war. The War was the earliest industrial wars. Railroads, steamships and iron-clad ships, and mass-produced weapons were employed extensively. The mobilization of civilian factories, mines, shipyards, banks, transportation and the closeness to the front helped push America forward. Eventually the tide would turn. Gatlin guns, more advanced rifles and rocket artillery would push the British back inch by inch. By 1846, the British efforts in the war collapsed.

    The British were humiliated again, there fleets decimated and thousands were dead. The War remains the deadliest military conflict in American history, and accounted for more American military deaths than all other wars combined. The war would see Mexico be annexed into the union while British Mexico was placed under occupation by American generals till it could be decided what to do with it. The war was an ecstatic victory for America , its moral and energy climbed though the roof. To the American’s It was a final victory for the ideals that had been born in the revolution. The end of the war would see America enter the era of good feelings as the British began to turn even more extreme ways.​
     
    Chapter Fifty: From East to West
  • Chapter Fifty: From East to West​

    While the war burnt on, Van Buren turned his attention to California. America n traders had become influential in the Hawaiian Islands, which held an important location in Pacific trade America needed a port on the pacific to make trade easier and the republic of California knew this. They knew America could just invaded with war but offered them another choice. California was doing okay for itself but needed more trade, it promised to join the union if a railway connecting east and west was created.

    After debates in congress and in the cabinet, in late 1847 congress agreed. California would join the union in early 1848. With California secured and his term soon to end, Eager to compete with Great Britain in international markets, Van Buren sent lawyer Caleb Cushing to China, where Cushing negotiated the terms of the 1844 Treaty of Wanghia. The treaty, which was the first bilateral accord between the United States and China, contributed to greatly expanded trade between the two countries in subsequent years.

    Work on the new railway connecting east and west was to begun planning in the middle of 1848 but was delayed by the death of Isambard Kingdom Brunel. Brunel had died during an explosion on one his prototype new ironclads. With the admission to the union California would bring new ideas with it including a police force and education. Van Buren had wanted to reform the education system but the war from 1840 to 1844 and the subsequent events in the pacific from 1844 to 1848 meant he had little time for domestic issues. Despite this, Van Buren and the republicans had once again doubled the size of America .​
     
    Chapter Fifty-One: The election of 1848
  • Chapter Fifty-One: The election of 1848​

    Van Buren was tired, and wanted to rest. He would not seek a third term despite being popular. The republicans were still on high and the newly named democrats (former federalists) seemed unable to challenge many of his actions. Founding father Alexander Hamilton (now 93) switched his allegiance to the republicans. Being the last founding father alive, many had become to see Hamilton as the wise old mentor of America his support made things for democrats even harder. The democrats would put up Lewis Cass to fight the election. Cass was popular and well liked and give the democrats some hope they could win the election. This hope would soon be shattered. Alexander Hamilton had always wanted the presidency and never got it now at 93 he was dying. His son James Alexander Hamilton (now sixty) was well liked by the people and his party. On his father’s dyeing wish James Hamilton would take the nomination for the republican and would go on to win a landslide, taking all but one state. Alexander Hamilton would die at the age of 93, one month after his son took office. A Hamilton had finally ascended to the highest office as America lost the guidance of the founding fathers forever.​
     
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