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A more Eastern Islam - the Caliphate of Rum

There have been numerous and, erm, animated discussion on this site about how no Islam would impact world history, and especially technological development.
Here I ask something else: what would be the long-term consequences of a different Muslim colonisation, where, due to an internal Byzantine PoD, Constantinople falls in the late VIIth century (not necessarily the OTL siege) and as a result, Asia Minor and the Balkans divert the Caliphate's war effort and it fails to conquer the Maghreb and Spain?
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