This is version 1.1. Version 0.0 can be viewed here, and 1.0 is here.
Because the title and posts made in 2010/11 were becoming irrelevant to the rest of the thread, I have decided to create a new thread instead. The relevant posts made in 2012 will be reposted here, with some minor adjustments. Also, for those of you who have not read my previous version, the PoD occurs in 395 AD, specifically post 11, although I would highly recommend reading the background information beforehand in order to understand the context.
Here's the first one:
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Although it is unknown when Buyeo ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]부여[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]夫餘[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]) was founded, it was probably established in some form around 200 BC [1]. It was located around Central and Northern Manchuria, with the Yak River ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]약수[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]弱水[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]) [2] forming the northern border, although East Buyeo ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]동[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]東[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-), which was a successor state, was probably located around Southern Manchuria or the Korean Peninsula. It's founder was King Dongmyeong ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]동명왕[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]東明王[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]) [3], whose birth date is uncertain, but was probably around the 3rd century BC, and was born in the Takli Kingdom ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]탁리국[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]橐離國[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]) [4]. According to myth, his mother conceived him through a light from the sky, and was born in the form of an egg. The ruler at the time thought that this was a bad omen, and placed it in a sty so that the animals would take care of it. However, the animals protected the egg, so the ruler returned it back to its mother. The boy grew up to become a skilled archer, which led the ruler to fear for his safety and attempt to murder him. As a result, Dongmyeong fled until he encountered the Ubal River ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]우발수[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]掩㴲水[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]) [5], where he shot an arrow into the water. This caused the creatures to rise to the surface and form a bridge, allowing him to cross the river to the other side. He then founded Buyeo, which was later named North Buyeo ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]북[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]北[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-) in order to distinguish it from the later established East Buyeo.
Buyeo's government, was controlled by four clans, collectively named the Sachuldo ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]사출도[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]四出道[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]). They were the Maga ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]마가[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]馬加[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]), Uga ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]우[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]牛[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-), Jeoga ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]저[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]猪[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-), and Guga ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]구[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]狗[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-), which were named after animals, and there were other lower-class ones as well. The term “ga” is probably cognate with “khan,” and is similar to some later Korean states' terms for rulers. The ruler maintained a seal that was labeled “Ye Wang Ji In,” ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]예왕지인[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]濊王之印[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]) which was probably symbolic of his rule, and suggests that the populace was descended from Yemaek ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]예맥[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]濊貊[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]) tribes. Around 250 AD, Buyeo's territory was about two thousand li, with roughly eighty thousand households, which translates to a population of 400,000. Every December, individuals in Buyeo celebrated Yeonggo ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]영고[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]迎鼓[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]), which commemorated the foundation date, and hosted various rites and festivities across the country in order to mark the occasion. It's inhabitants maintained a sedentary lifestyle, and maintained a legal system that was influenced by that of Gojoseon and the Shang. The people were described as tall in stature, which suggests that they were well-fed. They also tended to wear white, and enjoyed songs and dancing. During times of war, the ruler used cows' hoofs for divination based on the pattern of cracks. Unlike Goguryeo, Buyeo tried to abstain from raids and invasions, and tended to maintain peace unless it was attacked by its neighbors [6].
It is assumed that when Gojoseon fell, some of its migrants were absorbed into Buyeo, causing some cultural transfers to take place. Although East Buyeo later split off during the 1st century BC, Goguryeo, under Daemusin, killed its ruler around 22 AD after numerous conflicts, causing North Buyeo to be cut off from Chinese contact [7]. Later, because of pressure from both Goguryeo and the Han, it married off a princess to a Han royal member. Although Buyeo paid tribute to the Han and Cao Wei, it also received clothing made with pieces of jade, from the Xuantu Commandery's ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]현도군[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]玄菟郡[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]) storage, when the ruler died, suggesting that there was a complicated relationship between the two states. When war broke out between Goguryeo and Cao Wei in 244, the latter managed to reestablish direct contact with Buyeo. However, the permanent destruction of the Lelang Commandery ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]낙랑군[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]樂浪郡[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]) in 313 eventually led to Buyeo's gradual decline under pressure from Goguryeo. Both East and North Buyeo would cease to exist in the 5th century, by attacks from Gwanggaeto and Jangsu, respectively [8].
[1] The Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji) mentions a Buyeo trader during the Qin Dynasty.
[2] OTL Helongjiang/Amur River. The capital was probably around modern-day Changchun, and the southern border was probably around what is now Liaoning.
[3] Later, Goguryeo attached this name, in the form of King Dongmyeongseong ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]동명성왕[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]東明聖王[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]), to its founder, Jumong, and also adopted the myth after changing the placenames to the areas around Southern Manchuria. The Buyeo myth is not found in Korean texts, but it can be found in Chinese ones, such as the Records of the Three Kingdoms, which was composed during the 3rd century, and the Book of the Later Han (5th century).
[4] Referred to as the Goli Kingdom ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]고리국[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]高離國[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]), which sounds similar to Go(gu)ryeo, in the Records of the Three Kingdoms. Both ethnonyms were probably taken from Tungusic or Mongolic languages.
[5] OTL Songhua River. The Buyeo version probably meant something similar to “Great River.”
[6] Most of the information in this paragraph is taken from the Records of the Three Kingdoms.
[7] Recorded in the Samguk Sagi (12th century).
[8] In OTL, Gwanggaeto destroyed East Buyeo in 410, and North Buyeo ceased to exist in 494, under Munja's reign. However, the upcoming POD will cause these events to occur earlier than in OTL.[/FONT]
Because the title and posts made in 2010/11 were becoming irrelevant to the rest of the thread, I have decided to create a new thread instead. The relevant posts made in 2012 will be reposted here, with some minor adjustments. Also, for those of you who have not read my previous version, the PoD occurs in 395 AD, specifically post 11, although I would highly recommend reading the background information beforehand in order to understand the context.
Here's the first one:
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Although it is unknown when Buyeo ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]부여[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]夫餘[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]) was founded, it was probably established in some form around 200 BC [1]. It was located around Central and Northern Manchuria, with the Yak River ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]약수[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]弱水[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]) [2] forming the northern border, although East Buyeo ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]동[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]東[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-), which was a successor state, was probably located around Southern Manchuria or the Korean Peninsula. It's founder was King Dongmyeong ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]동명왕[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]東明王[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]) [3], whose birth date is uncertain, but was probably around the 3rd century BC, and was born in the Takli Kingdom ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]탁리국[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]橐離國[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]) [4]. According to myth, his mother conceived him through a light from the sky, and was born in the form of an egg. The ruler at the time thought that this was a bad omen, and placed it in a sty so that the animals would take care of it. However, the animals protected the egg, so the ruler returned it back to its mother. The boy grew up to become a skilled archer, which led the ruler to fear for his safety and attempt to murder him. As a result, Dongmyeong fled until he encountered the Ubal River ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]우발수[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]掩㴲水[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]) [5], where he shot an arrow into the water. This caused the creatures to rise to the surface and form a bridge, allowing him to cross the river to the other side. He then founded Buyeo, which was later named North Buyeo ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]북[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]北[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-) in order to distinguish it from the later established East Buyeo.
Buyeo's government, was controlled by four clans, collectively named the Sachuldo ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]사출도[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]四出道[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]). They were the Maga ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]마가[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]馬加[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]), Uga ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]우[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]牛[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-), Jeoga ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]저[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]猪[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-), and Guga ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]구[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]狗[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]-), which were named after animals, and there were other lower-class ones as well. The term “ga” is probably cognate with “khan,” and is similar to some later Korean states' terms for rulers. The ruler maintained a seal that was labeled “Ye Wang Ji In,” ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]예왕지인[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]濊王之印[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]) which was probably symbolic of his rule, and suggests that the populace was descended from Yemaek ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]예맥[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]濊貊[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]) tribes. Around 250 AD, Buyeo's territory was about two thousand li, with roughly eighty thousand households, which translates to a population of 400,000. Every December, individuals in Buyeo celebrated Yeonggo ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]영고[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]迎鼓[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]), which commemorated the foundation date, and hosted various rites and festivities across the country in order to mark the occasion. It's inhabitants maintained a sedentary lifestyle, and maintained a legal system that was influenced by that of Gojoseon and the Shang. The people were described as tall in stature, which suggests that they were well-fed. They also tended to wear white, and enjoyed songs and dancing. During times of war, the ruler used cows' hoofs for divination based on the pattern of cracks. Unlike Goguryeo, Buyeo tried to abstain from raids and invasions, and tended to maintain peace unless it was attacked by its neighbors [6].
It is assumed that when Gojoseon fell, some of its migrants were absorbed into Buyeo, causing some cultural transfers to take place. Although East Buyeo later split off during the 1st century BC, Goguryeo, under Daemusin, killed its ruler around 22 AD after numerous conflicts, causing North Buyeo to be cut off from Chinese contact [7]. Later, because of pressure from both Goguryeo and the Han, it married off a princess to a Han royal member. Although Buyeo paid tribute to the Han and Cao Wei, it also received clothing made with pieces of jade, from the Xuantu Commandery's ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]현도군[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]玄菟郡[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]) storage, when the ruler died, suggesting that there was a complicated relationship between the two states. When war broke out between Goguryeo and Cao Wei in 244, the latter managed to reestablish direct contact with Buyeo. However, the permanent destruction of the Lelang Commandery ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]낙랑군[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]樂浪郡[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]) in 313 eventually led to Buyeo's gradual decline under pressure from Goguryeo. Both East and North Buyeo would cease to exist in the 5th century, by attacks from Gwanggaeto and Jangsu, respectively [8].
[1] The Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji) mentions a Buyeo trader during the Qin Dynasty.
[2] OTL Helongjiang/Amur River. The capital was probably around modern-day Changchun, and the southern border was probably around what is now Liaoning.
[3] Later, Goguryeo attached this name, in the form of King Dongmyeongseong ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]동명성왕[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]東明聖王[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]), to its founder, Jumong, and also adopted the myth after changing the placenames to the areas around Southern Manchuria. The Buyeo myth is not found in Korean texts, but it can be found in Chinese ones, such as the Records of the Three Kingdoms, which was composed during the 3rd century, and the Book of the Later Han (5th century).
[4] Referred to as the Goli Kingdom ([/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]고리국[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]/[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]高離國[/FONT][FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]), which sounds similar to Go(gu)ryeo, in the Records of the Three Kingdoms. Both ethnonyms were probably taken from Tungusic or Mongolic languages.
[5] OTL Songhua River. The Buyeo version probably meant something similar to “Great River.”
[6] Most of the information in this paragraph is taken from the Records of the Three Kingdoms.
[7] Recorded in the Samguk Sagi (12th century).
[8] In OTL, Gwanggaeto destroyed East Buyeo in 410, and North Buyeo ceased to exist in 494, under Munja's reign. However, the upcoming POD will cause these events to occur earlier than in OTL.[/FONT]
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