It's funny that everyone's talking about the next parks. More tomorrow!
Chapter 25: A Small World After All
Excerpt from: From a Figment to a Reality: The Imagineering Method! by Marty Sklar
Being an Imagineer means more than just coming up with innovative solutions to a set of requirements, it means thinking in terms of a grander vision. Walt always had a grander vision: for his art, for his company, and for humanity. Walt, for example, always had his eyes pointed outwards to the world. Even though he loved America and American values, for him, the human experience transcended borders and nations. He sought to expand Disney’s vision and audience to the international stage, and sought to show America that there was a whole new world out there as well. The It’s a Small World ride at Fantasyland was an encapsulation of this vision, obviously, but so were his nature documentaries and cartoons like
Bienvenidos Amigos. The World Showcase Pavilions were an attempt by Imagineers to further that vision of international brotherhood.
Phase II of the World Showcase was intended to establish four to six new national pavilions alongside the original nine. We intended to expand as much as possible into South America, Asia, and Africa in particular since, of the original nine, only China and Japan were not from Europe or North America. Jim Henson loved the World Showcase, especially the Mexico Pavilion and El Río del Tiempo[1], and helped us develop new rides there, like Great Britain, Above and Below for the United Kingdom Pavilion. He also had big ideas for Phase II. For Phase II we had promised four new pavilions as of 1982: Spain, Venezuela, Israel, and Equatorial Africa. Alas, only three would see construction, and one as only a shadow of its former self.
Concept Art for the Venezuela Pavilion (Image source “themeparkuniversity.com”)
Venezuela had some big ideas behind it, from a statue of Simon Bolivar to a tram ride to the “Andes”, but the crash in oil prices in the early ‘80s doomed any hope of getting funding from the oil-dependent nation, causing the Venezuela Pavilion to be stillborn[2]. As to Spain, our original deal with the prior Spanish government fell through after the 1981 election. The new socialist-leaning majority was not interested in sponsoring a pavilion[3].
Sign for the Israel Pavilion (Image source “mouselets.com”) {seriously, this is the only online image I can find!}
The Israel Pavilion nearly didn’t happen over fears of terrorism. Only strong lobbying by Associate Director Steven Spielberg, who had Jim and Roy’s ears, got the pavilion greenlit[4]. Even so, we had some protests and needed to subtly increase our security measures. Thankfully, other than a single foiled knife attack in the 1990s, there have been no major incidences.
Concept Art for the Equatorial Africa Pavilion (Image source “forums.wdwmagic.com”)
Equatorial Africa was a source of huge hope. Despite the poverty of the region, we’d assembled a coalition of African nations who’d agreed to split the costs. We imagined movie pavilions and a giant interactive music show with self-playing drums. Alas, the ‘80s were not a good time for the real Equatorial Africa. Kenya and Zaire fell into cycles of brutal violence and oppression. Liberia and Nigeria collapsed into civil war. Ivory Coast saw the price of cocoa and coffee, its principle exports, plunge and dropped out. South Africa offered to take over, but this was the era of apartheid, and no one was touching South Africa at the time. At the insistence of Jim, we opened a small Africa themed stage, where traditional musicians could play and documentary films could be screened. His friend Harry Belafonte performed the inaugural number at the opening. We even added a small food court featuring African foods. A far cry from what we envisioned, but better than nothing[5].
The Realized Morocco Pavilion (Image source “disneyfanatic.com”)
Thankfully, Africa got some real representation, though North Africa rather than sub-Saharan. Morocco signed on to sponsor a pavilion, which thanks to some outstanding and realistic architecture by our Imagineers, and some damned good food, remains a popular one. Some even cite the “balance” of having an Islamic nation as part of Phase II for why the Israel Pavilion remains relatively unbothered.
Walt wanted to open up Disney to the world, but he also believed in being a good shepherd to the Earth and its natural bounty. This was a belief that Jim Henson wholeheartedly shared. Walt Disney World sat on over 20,000 acres of central Florida land, and yet much of that was wetlands. Sure, we could have drained and developed it, but Jim had another idea: why not follow the spirit of Walt and preserve it? Jim suggested that we take the majority of that existing Reedy Creek wetland and turn it into a private nature preserve. We could tie it directly to The Land Pavilion. We could offer limited, minimal-impact tours with trained naturalists to help fund conservation and research efforts. We could even seek a sponsorship or grant from the Department of the Interior or EPA.
I said, “why stop at the wetlands? Let’s save the whales too! We can tie it to The Living Sea.”
“Great!” he said with a smile.
To help promote the effort, he suggested a new series of documentaries specifically about whale conservation, the Florida Everglades and other natural wetlands, and the Amazon rainforests, which were all becoming
causes celebré. He set up a partnership with Jacques Cousteau and John Denver. He even got Roy E. Disney to be the executive producer for the documentaries as a tip of the hat to Roy’s work on
The Vanishing Prairie and other nature documentaries back in Walt’s day. Once Ron and then Frank approved the measure, no doubt appreciating the promotional opportunities, public relations, and tax deductions that came with it, I had the Imagineers look into the wetland’s preservation project, which we soon dubbed Kermit’s Living Swamp Project.
We had plenty of hydrologists and environmental engineers and scientists on the staff already, given the number of environmental and flooding concerns that come with land development in Florida, and they jumped at the opportunity. In addition to exploring the requirements to begin the conservation efforts, they devised minimal-impact methods for adding in boardwalks, nature paths, and boat tour pathways. They came up with maximum allowable visitor numbers and “blacklist” dates to protect animal mating and nesting seasons and other critical periods. They even came up with a plan to prevent runoff from the parks, hotels, roads, and surrounding farmland from entering the wetlands in order to protect them from pollutants.
In addition, our power and heating was provided by a combination of solar cells, solar water heating, and a natural gas cogeneration facility taking advantage of waste heat for heating purposes[6]. We put solar panels on tresses over parking areas and walking paths, providing both power and shade for the guests. We wanted to put up wind turbines too, but the prevailing local winds were insufficient most of the year. The team received a special EPA conservation meritorious notice and won awards from organizations from the Sierra Club to Ducks Unlimited. Roy’s Shorts series received Best Documentary Oscar nominations and several smaller awards. I’m sure Walt would be proud.
(Image source “laughingplace.com” via “pintrest”)
The Short Documentary
A Wish for the Whales came out just in time for the grand opening of The Living Sea Pavilion in early 1986 after United Technologies (UTC) signed on as a sponsor. Ron, Jim, and Roy attended the opening ceremonies along with guest stars John Denver (who provided the soundtrack to the ride) and Jacques Cousteau (a conservation partner who’d participated in some of Roy’s Shorts). Jim had largely approved of our early “Sea Lab” concept of the Living Seas ride, and throughout ’82 to ’85 had worked with us to implement it as an underwater voyage in a “sea car” people mover. Jim at first brought us these drawings of a huge tank with these pneumatic tubes that would carry people through the waters. It honestly wasn’t practical, or necessarily even possible within the laws of physics. However, since “no” is not in the Imagineering vernacular, we instead approached things from a “yes, but what if?” approach. He took it all with a friendly smile and asked us what we could do in that “general area” of guest experience.
Like this Concept Art, but Crazier (Image source “dizavenue.com”; great vintage images from them
here)
We ultimately came up with an approach that met the “submerged in the water” feel while remaining cost effective and practical. The visitors would travel through glass tunnels under or between the tanks rather than through glass tubes inside of them. The sea cars took the visitors past the many artificial reefs, freshwater tanks, deep water tanks, and tidewater tanks within the exhibit, giving them a global view of life in the seas. The sea cars then took the visitors to the central “Sea Lab” where the cars slowed down so that visitors could optionally disembark for a short walk-through attraction. There, a combination of animatronics and windows into the actual tanks gave the visitor the impression of being inside a working sea laboratory of the future, coincidentally the “same one” they would see from the outside at A Look to the Horizon. When ready, the visitors could re-board the sea cars to continue the journey through the tanks to complete the ride. John Denver and Jacques Cousteau travelled with us on the maiden voyage and Jacques was quite amused that all of the sea lab people, animatronic and living actors and guides alike, wore red knit beanies in the Calypso crew style.
The Living Seas proved popular and even got an unexpected bump in late 1986 when
Star Trek 4 and “George and Gracie” hit the big screen, further popularizing Saving the Whales. We were the largest aquarium in the world for a while before the expanded Atlanta Aquarium took the top spot. In general, The Living Seas, despite its slight changes through the years, remains popular and holds a special place in EPCOT history.
The Living Body Pavilion, more or less (Image from “blog.tickets2you.com”)
Jim also worked with Dick Nunis and us on The Living Body Pavilion, ultimately gaining the sponsorship of Merck & Co. with construction beginning in early 1985 and opening planned for 1987. The pavilion was dedicated to the human body, life, health, medicine, and biology. Our vision for the star attraction, “Body Wars”, a spiritual successor to the Journeys Through Inner Space ride, was, alas, a bridge too far for us. We had some excellent ideas for a dark ride through the human body featuring an attack by viruses. It was to have “breathing” lung alveoli, a “beating” heart, and other aspects of a living human body, but this all proved far too costly when we budgeted for it. Instead, we adapted it using the new ATLAS simulator ride technology that we’d explored for the doomed
The Black Hole ride back in 1979. By this point it was renamed and rethemed “Innerspace Journeys” as a tie-in to the upcoming Lawrence Kasdan film. It proved a crowning success and a great forerunner for
Star Tours, and would become the signature ride for the new pavilion.
Innerspace Journeys (Image source “themeparktourist.com”)
The other ride in the new pavilion was to be Head Trip[7], a hybrid animatronics, animation, and live action film based in part on an old concept that Jim had called “Inside John”[8] and in part on some old Disney animations, such as 1943’s
Reason and Emotion. The ride features animatronic or animated representations of aspects of the human brain, with the logical Captain Cortical Cognition, or “Cortie”, trying her best to lead the 14-year-old human “Betty” (live action through her eyes and viewed through eye-shaped windows) through a series of daily life’s experiences like arguing with her mother, playing with friends, getting teased, and meeting a boy she likes. Cortie’s job is in turn assisted, and complicated, by her staff of “helpers”, each representing a part of the human mind. These included the bookish Professor Hippocampus, who provided memory, the athletic Sergeant Motor, who managed physical movement, the hardworking maintenance worker Henry Hypothalamus, who controlled heart rate, temperature, and breathing, the strict Governess Orbitofrontal, who served as the superego moral guardian, and the overworked Lieutenant Limbic, who tried to manage a team of competing emotional impulses. These emotions included “Happy Heather”, “Sad Sadie”, “Angry Angie”, “Scared Sarah”, “Bored Bessie”, and the fan-favorite “Amygdala Amy” who occasionally emerged, shrieking, from a hidden chamber amid a flashing Red Alert light and siren, causing chaos to ensue. It became a beloved ride and even proved quite a good primer on neuroscience.
Head Trip, more or less (Image source “yesterland.com”)
We also entered discussions with Steve Spielberg and Michael Jackson for a new multimedia show based upon Peter Pan[9]. Steve had been working with Ron Miller on a Peter Pan film already[10], and so the timing was serendipitous. The 45-minute multimedia short was the perfect blending of the two visions. We ultimately titled it
Pan: the 4D Experience. The Creatureworks would provide beautiful effects work for all of the crazy animals. It would be released in CommuniCore in ’86 to great acclaim before eventually being relocated to Fantasyland locations. We also entered into discussions for collaborations with George Lucas, most famously
Star Tours, the
Indiana Jones Adventure stunt show, and the
Race with the Monkey King roller coaster.
But perhaps the biggest contribution we would make to Walt’s international vision was the opening of Tokyo Disneyland and the Disneyland in Europe. The former I’ve already spoken about, but the latter probably has the more interesting story.
[1] True! He partly modelled the Great Muppet Movie Ride on it in our timeline.
[2] Same as happened in our timeline. World events can matter more than dreams sometimes.
[3] Also as per our timeline.
[4] In our timeline these terrorism fears killed the pavilion. Here, it survives. Rumors persist that many of the Disney “employees” at the pavilion are secretly Mossad agents.
[5] To this day Epcot only has a dinky snack bar at the site of the planned pavilion.
[6] Disney did this in our timeline too.
[7] Similar in some respects to Cranium Command!
[8] True! An interesting coincidence that’s serendipitous in this timeline.
[9] Jackson’s original plan for a Disney collaboration. In our timeline Eisner steered him towards “something SciFi”, which became Captain EO. Henson is more likely to let the creative artists plot their own pathway.
[10] This was happening in our timeline as well and eventually got taken to Paramount, where it ultimately evolved into 1990’s
Hook.